Journal of Movement Disorders

Young H. Sohn

12 Articles

Potential Link Between Cognition and Motor Reserve in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease: Seok Jong Chung, Yae Ji Kim, Yun Joong Kim, Hye Sun Lee, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee, Yong Jeong, Young H. Sohn; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(3):249-257. Published online September 7, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22063

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Objective
To investigate whether there is a link between cognitive function and motor reserve (i.e., individual capacity to cope with nigrostriatal dopamine depletion) in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Methods
A total of 163 patients with drug-naïve PD who underwent ¹⁸F-FP-CIT PET, brain MRI, and a detailed neuropsychological test were enrolled. We estimated individual motor reserve based on initial motor deficits and striatal dopamine depletion using a residual model. We performed correlation analyses between motor reserve estimates and cognitive composite scores. Diffusion connectometry analysis was performed to map the white matter fiber tracts, of which fractional anisotropy (FA) values were well correlated with motor reserve estimates. Additionally, Cox regression analysis was used to assess the effect of initial motor reserve on the risk of dementia conversion.
Results
The motor reserve estimate was positively correlated with the composite score of the verbal memory function domain (γ = 0.246) and with the years of education (γ = 0.251). Connectometry analysis showed that FA values in the left fornix were positively correlated with the motor reserve estimate, while no fiber tracts were negatively correlated with the motor reserve estimate. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that higher motor reserve estimates tended to be associated with a lower risk of dementia conversion (hazard ratio, 0.781; 95% confidence interval, 0.576–1.058).
Conclusion
The present study demonstrated that the motor reserve estimate was well correlated with verbal memory function and with white matter integrity in the left fornix, suggesting a possible link between cognition and motor reserve in patients with PD.

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Extra-Basal Ganglia Brain Structures Are Related to Motor Reserve in Parkinson’s Disease
Jinyoung Youn, Ji Hye Won, Mansu Kim, Junmo Kwon, Seung Hwan Moon, Minkyeong Kim, Jong Hyun Ahn, Jun Kyu Mun, Hyunjin Park, Jin Whan Cho
Journal of Parkinson's Disease.2023; 13(1): 39. CrossRef

Emerging Concepts of Motor Reserve in Parkinson’s Disease: Seok Jong Chung, Jae Jung Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn; J Mov Disord. 2020;13(3):171-184. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20029

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Abstract PDF

The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) explains the differences between individuals in their susceptibility to AD-related pathologies. An enhanced CR may lead to less cognitive deficits despite severe pathological lesions. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is also a common neurodegenerative disease and is mainly characterized by motor dysfunction related to striatal dopaminergic depletion. The degree of motor deficits in PD is closely correlated to the degree of dopamine depletion; however, significant individual variations still exist. Therefore, we hypothesized that the presence of motor reserve (MR) in PD explains the individual differences in motor deficits despite similar levels of striatal dopamine depletion. Since 2015, we have performed a series of studies investigating MR in de novo patients with PD using the data of initial clinical presentation and dopamine transporter PET scan. In this review, we summarized the results of these published studies. In particular, some premorbid experiences (i.e., physical activity and education) and modifiable factors (i.e., body mass index and white matter hyperintensity on brain image studies) could modulate an individual’s capacity to tolerate PD pathology, which can be maintained throughout disease progression.

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Motor progression marker for newly diagnosed drug‐naïve patients with Parkinson's disease: A resting‐state functional MRI study
Yanbing Hou, Lingyu Zhang, Ruwei Ou, Qianqian Wei, Xiaojing Gu, Kuncheng Liu, Junyu Lin, Tianmi Yang, Yi Xiao, Qiyong Gong, Huifang Shang
Human Brain Mapping.2023; 44(3): 901. CrossRef
The Concept of Motor Reserve in Parkinson's Disease: New Wine in Old Bottles?
Merle C. Hoenig, Verena Dzialas, Alexander Drzezga, Thilo van Eimeren
Movement Disorders.2023; 38(1): 16. CrossRef
Patterns of striatal dopamine depletion and motor deficits in de novo Parkinson’s disease
Seong Ho Jeong, Chan Wook Park, Hye Sun Lee, Yun Joong Kim, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn, Seok Jong Chung
Journal of Neural Transmission.2023; 130(1): 19. CrossRef
How long have you exercised in your life? The effect of motor reserve and current physical activity on cognitive performance
Veronica Pucci, Carolina Guerra, Amanda Barsi, Massimo Nucci, Sara Mondini
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society.2023; : 1. CrossRef
Sex Differences in Brain Structure in de novo Parkinson’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Neuroimaging Study
Hui Li, Xuejia Jia, Min Chen, Xiuqin Jia, Qi Yang
Journal of Parkinson's Disease.2023; 13(5): 785. CrossRef
Exploring the Complex Phenotypes of Impaired Finger Dexterity in Mild-to-moderate Stage Parkinson’s Disease: A Time-Series Analysis
Pattamon Panyakaew, Kotchakorn Duangjino, Apiwoot Kerddonfag, Teerit Ploensin, Krerk Piromsopa, Chanon Kongkamol, Roongroj Bhidayasiri
Journal of Parkinson's Disease.2023; 13(6): 975. CrossRef
Prevention of Falls in Parkinson's Disease: Guidelines and Gaps
Richard Camicioli, Meg E. Morris, Frederico Pieruccini‐Faria, Manuel Montero‐Odasso, Surim Son, David Buzaglo, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff, Alice Nieuwboer
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2023; 10(10): 1459. CrossRef
The incidence of deep venous thrombosis in Parkinson’s disease
Emine Afsin, Zeliha Coşgun, Ramazan Kurul, Şule Aydın Türkoğlu
Neurological Research.2023; 45(11): 1050. CrossRef
Hippocampal Perfusion Affects Motor and Cognitive Functions in Parkinson Disease: An Early Phase 18F‐FP‐CIT Positron Emission Tomography Study
Min Young Chun, Seok Jong Chung, Su Hong Kim, Chan Wook Park, Seong Ho Jeong, Hye Sun Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn, Yong Jeong, Yun Joong Kim
Annals of Neurology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Premorbid Educational Attainment and Long-Term Motor Prognosis in Parkinson’s Disease
Seong Ho Jeong, Seok Jong Chung, Han Soo Yoo, Jin Ho Jung, Kyoungwon Baik, Yang Hyun Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn
Journal of Parkinson's Disease.2022; 12(1): 129. CrossRef
Parkinsonism and cerebrovascular disease
Manisha Narasimhan, Raymond Schwartz, Glenda Halliday
Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2022; 433: 120011. CrossRef
Impact of α‐synuclein spreading on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway depends on the onset of the pathology
Fanfan Sun, Armando G. Salinas, Severin Filser, Sonja Blumenstock, Jose Medina‐Luque, Jochen Herms, Carmelo Sgobio
Brain Pathology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Premorbid cancer and motor reserve in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Yoon-Sang Oh, Sang-Won Yoo, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Kwang-Soo Lee, Joong-Seok Kim
Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Behavioral Reserve in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia
Su Hong Kim, Yae Ji Kim, Byung Hwa Lee, Peter Lee, Ji Hyung Park, Sang Won Seo, Yong Jeong
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Identifying the white matter structural network of motor reserve in early Parkinson's disease
Yae Ji Kim, Chan Wook Park, Hye Won Shin, Hye Sun Lee, Yun Joong Kim, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn, Yong Jeong, Seok Jong Chung
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2022; 102: 108. CrossRef
Comparison of disease progression between brain-predominant Parkinson's disease versus Parkinson's disease with body-involvement phenotypes
Dong-Woo Ryu, Sang-Won Yoo, Yoon-Sang Oh, Kwang-Soo Lee, Seunggyun Ha, Joong-Seok Kim
Neurobiology of Disease.2022; 174: 105883. CrossRef
Genetically-informed prediction of short-term Parkinson’s disease progression
Hossein J. Sadaei, Aldo Cordova-Palomera, Jonghun Lee, Jaya Padmanabhan, Shang-Fu Chen, Nathan E. Wineinger, Raquel Dias, Daria Prilutsky, Sandor Szalma, Ali Torkamani
npj Parkinson's Disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Potential Link Between Cognition and Motor Reserve in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease
Seok Jong Chung, Yae Ji Kim, Yun Joong Kim, Hye Sun Lee, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee, Yong Jeong, Young H. Sohn
Journal of Movement Disorders.2022; 15(3): 249. CrossRef
Local striatal volume and motor reserve in drug-naïve Parkinson’s disease
Seong Ho Jeong, Eun-Chong Lee, Seok Jong Chung, Hye Sun Lee, Jin Ho Jung, Young H. Sohn, Joon-Kyung Seong, Phil Hyu Lee
npj Parkinson's Disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture in treating Parkinson disease
Wei Xu, Sha OuYang, Zhenhai Chi, ZhiQin Wang, DaoCheng Zhu, RiXin Chen, GenPing Zhong, FengTing Zhang, GuiQin Zhou, SiWei Duan, Lin Jiao
Medicine.2021; 100(10): e25095. CrossRef
Differences in cause and 12-month follow-up outcome of parkinsonian symptoms in depressed older adults treated with antipsychotics: a case series
Anastasios Politis, Nikolaos Kokras, Michael Souvatzoglou, Kostas Siarkos, Panagiotis Toulas, Constantin Potagas, Theodoros Hatzipanagiotou, Georgios Limouris, Panagiotis Alexopoulos
BMC Psychiatry.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Effectiveness and safety of moxibustion for Parkinson disease
Yonghui Hou, Baile Ning, Yamin Liu, Ying Liu, Wenbin Fu, Zehuai Wen
Medicine.2021; 100(23): e26256. CrossRef
Glucocerebrosidase Mutations and Motor Reserve in Parkinson’s Disease
Seok Jong Chung, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn, Yun Joong Kim
Journal of Parkinson's Disease.2021; 11(4): 1715. CrossRef
Analysis of pupillometer results according to disease stage in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Sooyeoun You, Jeong-Ho Hong, Joonsang Yoo
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Association between Olfactory Deficit and Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson’s Disease: Han Soo Yoo, Seok Jong Chung, Yang Hyun Lee, Byoung Seok Ye, Young H. Sohn, Phil Hyu Lee; J Mov Disord. 2020;13(2):133-141. Published online April 6, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.19082

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20 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
To investigate whether baseline olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients is associated with baseline and longitudinal motor and cognitive function.
Methods
We recruited 228 drug-naïve PD patients who were followed for a mean of 6 years. Patients underwent the Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CCSIT), a neuropsychological test, and N-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane positron emission tomography within 6 months of the baseline evaluation. Olfactory dysfunction was categorized as normosmia (CCSIT score ≥ 9), hyposmia (CCSIT score 5–8), and anosmia (CCSIT score ≤ 4). During the follow-up period, we investigated changes in the levodopa-equivalent dose (LED) and the occurrence of wearing-off, levodopa-induced dyskinesia, and dementia.
Results
Among the PD patients, 80.7% were hyposmic at the time of diagnosis, and 26.1% were anosmic. Baseline olfactory dysfunction was not associated with either initial parkinsonian motor symptoms or with the longitudinal LED increment and motor complications. Meanwhile, the anosmic group had lower baseline scores on the Korea version of the Boston Naming Test and Stroop color reading test than the normosmic and hyposmic groups. The anosmic group exhibited a higher rate of conversion to dementia than the normosmic [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 3.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–14.72] and hyposmic (adjusted HR 2.48, 95% CI 1.15–5.32) PD groups, regardless of baseline motor deficits and cognitive status.
Conclusion
Baseline olfactory dysfunction was not associated with motor deficits and complications, but it was associated with cognitive dysfunction and prognosis, suggesting that severe olfactory impairment may reflect early cortical involvement, probably in the frontotemporal region, and rapid spreading of Lewy body pathology.

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Olfactory Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease, Its Functional and Neuroanatomical Correlates
Gabriel Torres-Pasillas, Donají Chi-Castañeda, Porfirio Carrillo-Castilla, Gerardo Marín, María Elena Hernández-Aguilar, Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda-Abreu, Jorge Manzo, Luis I. García
NeuroSci.2023; 4(2): 134. CrossRef
Impact of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on olfaction in Parkinson's disease: Clinical features and functional hypotheses
G. Brand, C. Bontempi, L. Jacquot
Revue Neurologique.2023; 179(9): 947. CrossRef
Sequential change in olfaction and (non) motor symptoms: the difference between anosmia and non-anosmia in Parkinson’s disease
Ting-Chun Fang, Yu-Shan Tsai, Ming-Hong Chang
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Traumatic brain injury-induced inflammatory changes in the olfactory bulb disrupt neuronal networks leading to olfactory dysfunction
Xiang Liu, Zhuofan Lei, Dylan Gilhooly, Junyun He, Yun Li, Rodney M. Ritzel, Hui Li, Long-Jun Wu, Shaolin Liu, Junfang Wu
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.2023; 114: 22. CrossRef
Serum Biomarkers of Olfactory Identification Deficits in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Fu-Jia Li, Yang-Dan-Yu Li, Xu Liu, Jie Zu, Wei Zhang, Qi-Hua Xiao, Xue-Bin Niu, Li Du, Chen-Chen Cui, Ru-Yu Zhang, Xiao-Qing He, Gui-Yun Cui, Chuan-Ying Xu, Dominic B. Fee
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
Correlation of olfactory function factors with cardiac sympathetic denervation in Parkinson’s disease
Dong-Woo Ryu, Sang-Won Yoo, Ko-Eun Choi, Yoon-Sang Oh, Joong-Seok Kim
Journal of Neurology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
UPSIT subitems may predict motor progression in Parkinson’s disease
Yu-Hsuan Lin, Ting-Chun Fang, Hsin-Bei Lei, Shih-Chi Chiu, Ming-Hong Chang, Yi-Jen Guo
Frontiers in Neurology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Olfactory dysfunction is associated with motor function only in tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease
Fardin Nabizadeh, Kasra Pirahesh, Elham Khalili
Neurological Sciences.2022; 43(7): 4193. CrossRef
Novel diagnostic tools for identifying cognitive impairment using olfactory-stimulated functional near-infrared spectroscopy: patient-level, single-group, diagnostic trial
Jaewon Kim, Dong Keon Yon, Kyu Yeong Choi, Jang Jae Lee, Namwoo Kim, Kun Ho Lee, Jae Gwan Kim
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Role of Olfactory System in the Etiogenesis of Parkinson’s Diseases: An Overview
Jiju Narayanan Avanipully, Dithu Thekkekkara, Sahyadri M, Vipan K. Parihar, Santhepete Nanjundaiah Manjula
Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics.2022; 13(1): 31. CrossRef
International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction
Zara M. Patel, Eric H. Holbrook, Justin H. Turner, Nithin D. Adappa, Mark W. Albers, Aytug Altundag, Simone Appenzeller, Richard M. Costanzo, Ilona Croy, Greg E. Davis, Puya Dehgani‐Mobaraki, Richard L. Doty, Valerie B. Duffy, Bradley J. Goldstein, David
International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology.2022; 12(4): 327. CrossRef
Does Olfactory Dysfunction Correlate with Disease Progression in Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review of the Current Literature
Tommaso Ercoli, Carla Masala, Gianluca Cadeddu, Marcello Mario Mascia, Gianni Orofino, Angelo Fabio Gigante, Paolo Solla, Giovanni Defazio, Lorenzo Rocchi
Brain Sciences.2022; 12(5): 513. CrossRef
Olfactory dysfunction and striatal dopamine transporter binding in motor subtypes of Parkinson’s disease
Fardin Nabizadeh, Fatemeh Sodeifian, Kasra Pirahesh
Neurological Sciences.2022; 43(8): 4745. CrossRef
Olfaction and Executive Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review
Vasudeva Murthy Challakere Ramaswamy, Peter William Schofield
Frontiers in Psychology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Nasal and Parotid Blood Pool Activity Is Significantly Correlated with Metabolic Syndrome Components and Sleep Apnea
William T. Phillips, Nasser J. Issa, Shereef B. Elhalwagi, Hilda T. Draeger, Joyce G. Schwartz, Jonathan A. Gelfond
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2022; 20(7): 395. CrossRef
Chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2: Protocol and methods from the Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium
Gabriel A. de Erausquin, Heather Snyder, Traolach S. Brugha, Sudha Seshadri, Maria Carrillo, Rajesh Sagar, Yueqin Huang, Charles Newton, Carmela Tartaglia, Charlotte Teunissen, Krister Håkanson, Rufus Akinyemi, Kameshwar Prasad, Giovanni D'Avossa, Gabriel
Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Machine learning-based prediction of cognitive outcomes in de novo Parkinson’s disease
Joshua Harvey, Rick A. Reijnders, Rachel Cavill, Annelien Duits, Sebastian Köhler, Lars Eijssen, Bart P. F. Rutten, Gemma Shireby, Ali Torkamani, Byron Creese, Albert F. G. Leentjens, Katie Lunnon, Ehsan Pishva
npj Parkinson's Disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation on Hyposmia in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Is Influenced by Constipation and Dysbiosis of Microbiota
Chao Li, Ying Hou, Xu Wang, Yue-xuan Li, Feng Li, Chao Zhang, Wei-guo Li
Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Hyposmia may predict development of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease
Jae Jung Lee, Jin Yong Hong, Jong Sam Baik
Journal of Neural Transmission.2021; 128(6): 763. CrossRef
Clinical and Dopamine Depletion Patterns in Hyposmia- and Dysautonomia-Dominant Parkinson’s Disease
Han Soo Yoo, Sangwon Lee, Seong Ho Jeong, Byoung Seok Ye, Young H. Sohn, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee
Journal of Parkinson's Disease.2021; 11(4): 1703. CrossRef

A Case of Abnormal Postures in the Left Extremities after Pontine Hemorrhage: Dystonia or Pseudodystonia?: Chan Wook Park, Seok Jong Chung, Young H. Sohn, Phil Hyu Lee; J Mov Disord. 2020;13(1):62-65. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.19074

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

It is difficult to determine the pathoanatomical correlates of dystonia because of its complex pathophysiology, and most cases with secondary dystonia are associated with basal ganglia lesions. Moreover, it is a challenging issue that patients with abnormal postures accompanied by other neurological findings in the affected body part (e.g., sensory loss) can be diagnosed with true dystonia or pseudodystonia. Here, we report a case of abnormal postures with loss of proprioception in the left extremities after right dorsal pontine hemorrhage.

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Hemidystonia after Pontine Hemorrhage Successfully Treated with Pharmacotherapy and Intensive Rehabilitation: a Case Report
Gyu Seong Kim, Yeon Gyu Jeong, Yoon Jeong Jeong, Seo Yeon Yoon
Brain & Neurorehabilitation.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Heterogeneous Patterns of Striatal Dopamine Loss in Patients with Young- versus Old-Onset Parkinson’s Disease: Impact on Clinical Features: Seok Jong Chung, Han Soo Yoo, Yang Hyun Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn; J Mov Disord. 2019;12(2):113-119. Published online May 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.18064

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155 Download
19 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
Ample evidence has suggested that age at onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with heterogeneous clinical features in individuals. We hypothesized that this may be attributed to different patterns of nigrostriatal dopamine loss.
Methods
A total of 205 consecutive patients with de novo PD who underwent 18F-FP-CIT PET scans (mean follow-up duration, 6.31 years) were divided into three tertile groups according to their age at onset of parkinsonian motor symptoms. Striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability was compared between the old- (n = 73) and young-onset (n = 66) groups. In addition, the risk of developing freezing of gait (FOG) and longitudinal requirements for dopaminergic medications were examined.
Results
The old-onset PD group (mean age at onset, 72.66 years) exhibited more severe parkinsonian motor signs than the young-onset group (52.58 years), despite comparable DAT availability in the posterior putamen; moreover, the old-onset group exhibited more severely decreased DAT availability in the caudate than the young-onset group. A Cox regression model revealed that the old-onset PD group had a higher risk for developing FOG than the young-onset group [hazard ratio 2.523, 95% confidence interval (1.239–5.140)]. The old-onset group required higher doses of dopaminergic medications for symptom control than the young-onset group over time.
Conclusion
The present study demonstrated that the old-onset PD group exhibited more severe dopamine loss in the caudate and were more likely to develop gait freezing, suggesting that age at onset may be one of the major determinants of the pattern of striatal dopamine depletion and progression of gait disturbance in PD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Concept of Motor Reserve in Parkinson's Disease: New Wine in Old Bottles?
Merle C. Hoenig, Verena Dzialas, Alexander Drzezga, Thilo van Eimeren
Movement Disorders.2023; 38(1): 16. CrossRef
Memory Phenotypes In Early, De Novo Parkinson's Disease Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Mattia Siciliano, Rosa De Micco, Andrea Gerardo Russo, Fabrizio Esposito, Valeria Sant'Elia, Lucia Ricciardi, Francesca Morgante, Antonio Russo, Jennifer G. Goldman, Carlo Chiorri, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Luigi Trojano, Alessandro Tessitore
Movement Disorders.2023; 38(8): 1461. CrossRef
The Molecular Pathway of p75 Neurotrophin Receptor (p75NTR) in Parkinson’s Disease: The Way of New Inroads
Naif H. Ali, Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Saud A. Alnaaim, Hebatallah M. Saad, Gaber El-Saber Batiha
Molecular Neurobiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Premorbid Educational Attainment and Long-Term Motor Prognosis in Parkinson’s Disease
Seong Ho Jeong, Seok Jong Chung, Han Soo Yoo, Jin Ho Jung, Kyoungwon Baik, Yang Hyun Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn
Journal of Parkinson's Disease.2022; 12(1): 129. CrossRef
Treatment Enhances Betweenness Centrality of Fronto-Parietal Network in Parkinson’s Patients
Qing Liu, ZhongYan Shi, Kexin Wang, Tiantian Liu, Shintaro Funahashi, Jinglong Wu, Jian Zhang
Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Identifying the white matter structural network of motor reserve in early Parkinson's disease
Yae Ji Kim, Chan Wook Park, Hye Won Shin, Hye Sun Lee, Yun Joong Kim, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn, Yong Jeong, Seok Jong Chung
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2022; 102: 108. CrossRef
Potential Link Between Cognition and Motor Reserve in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease
Seok Jong Chung, Yae Ji Kim, Yun Joong Kim, Hye Sun Lee, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee, Yong Jeong, Young H. Sohn
Journal of Movement Disorders.2022; 15(3): 249. CrossRef
Association Between White Matter Networks and the Pattern of Striatal Dopamine Depletion in Patients With Parkinson Disease
Seok Jong Chung, Yae Ji Kim, Yun Joong Kim, Hye Sun Lee, Seong Ho Jeong, Ji-Man Hong, Young H. Sohn, Mijin Yun, Yong Jeong, Phil Hyu Lee
Neurology.2022; 99(24): e2672. CrossRef
Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide as a biomarker in early Parkinson's disease
Seok Jong Chung, John Hoon Rim, Dajeong Ji, Sangwon Lee, Han Soo Yoo, Jin Ho Jung, KyoungWon Baik, Yonghoon Choi, Byoung Seok Ye, Young H. Sohn, Mijin Yun, Sang-Guk Lee, Phil Hyu Lee
Nutrition.2021; 83: 111090. CrossRef
White Matter Hyperintensities, Dopamine Loss, and Motor Deficits in De Novo Parkinson's Disease
Seong Ho Jeong, Hye Sun Lee, Jin Ho Jung, Kyoungwon Baik, Yang Hyun Lee, Han Soo Yoo, Young H. Sohn, Seok Jong Chung, Phil Hyu Lee
Movement Disorders.2021; 36(6): 1411. CrossRef
Temporalis Muscle Thickness as an Indicator of Sarcopenia Is Associated With Long-term Motor Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease
Seok Jong Chung, Yun Joong Kim, Han Soo Yoo, Jin Ho Jung, KyoungWon Baik, Hye Sun Lee, Yang Hyun Lee, Ji-Man Hong, Young H Sohn, Phil Hyu Lee, Jay Magaziner
The Journals of Gerontology: Series A.2021; 76(12): 2242. CrossRef
Perivascular Spaces in the Basal Ganglia and Long-term Motor Prognosis in Newly Diagnosed Parkinson Disease
Seok Jong Chung, Han Soo Yoo, Na-Young Shin, Yae Won Park, Hye Sun Lee, Ji-Man Hong, Yun Joong Kim, Seung-Koo Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn
Neurology.2021; 96(16): e2121. CrossRef
Diagnosis and treatment of old-onset Parkinson's disease
久大立花
Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Geriatrics.2021; 58(3): 341. CrossRef
Genetic factors affecting dopaminergic deterioration during the premotor stage of Parkinson disease
Myung Jun Lee, Kyoungjune Pak, Han-Kyeol Kim, Kelly N. Nudelman, Jong Hun Kim, Yun Hak Kim, Junho Kang, Min Seok Baek, Chul Hyoung Lyoo
npj Parkinson's Disease.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Dopamine Transporter, Age, and Motor Complications in Parkinson's Disease: A Clinical and Single‐Photon Emission Computed Tomography Study
Giovanni Palermo, Sara Giannoni, Daniela Frosini, Riccardo Morganti, Duccio Volterrani, Ubaldo Bonuccelli, Nicola Pavese, Roberto Ceravolo
Movement Disorders.2020; 35(6): 1028. CrossRef
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography dual imaging using 18-fluorine flurodeoxyglucose and 11C-labeled 2-β-carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-fluorophenyl) tropane for the severity assessment of Parkinson disease
Xiaohong Li, Qizhou Zhang, Yongde Qin, Yubin Li, Nazimuguli Mutaerbieke, Xiaojia Zhao, Amina Yibulayin
Medicine.2020; 99(14): e19662. CrossRef
DaTSCAN (123I-FP-CIT SPECT) imaging in early versus mid and late onset Parkinson's disease: Longitudinal data from the PPMI study
Christos Koros, Athina-Maria Simitsi, Andreas Prentakis, Nikolaos Papagiannakis, Anastasia Bougea, Ioanna Pachi, Dimitra Papadimitriou, Ion Beratis, Sokratis G. Papageorgiou, Maria Stamelou, Xenia Geronicola Trapali, Leonidas Stefanis
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2020; 77: 36. CrossRef
Prediction of age at onset in Parkinson’s disease using objective specific neuroimaging genetics based on a sparse canonical correlation analysis
Ji Hye Won, Mansu Kim, Jinyoung Youn, Hyunjin Park
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Emerging Concepts of Motor Reserve in Parkinson’s Disease
Seok Jong Chung, Jae Jung Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn
Journal of Movement Disorders.2020; 13(3): 171. CrossRef

Familial Hyperekplexia, a Potential Cause of Cautious Gait: A New Korean Case and a Systematic Review of Phenotypes: Yoonju Lee, Nan Young Kim, Sangkyoon Hong, Su Jin Chung, Seong Ho Jeong, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn; J Mov Disord. 2017;10(1):53-58. Published online December 27, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.16044

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Familial hyperekplexia, also called startle disease, is a rare neurological disorder characterized by excessive startle responses to noise or touch. It can be associated with serious injury from frequent falls, apnea spells, and aspiration pneumonia. Familial hyperekplexia has a heterogeneous genetic background with several identified causative genes; it demonstrates both dominant and recessive inheritance in the α1 subunit of the glycine receptor (GLRA1), the β subunit of the glycine receptor and the presynaptic sodium and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 genes. Clonazepam is an effective medical treatment for hyperekplexia. Here, we report genetically confirmed familial hyperekplexia patients presenting early adult cautious gait. Additionally, we review clinical features, mode of inheritance, ethnicity and the types and locations of mutations of previously reported hyperekplexia cases with a GLRA1 gene mutation.

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Hereditary hyperekplexia: a new family and a systematic review of GLRA1 gene-related phenotypes
Elisabetta Ferraroli, Marco Perulli, Chiara Veredice, Ilaria Contaldo, Michela Quintiliani, Martina Ricci, Ilaria Venezia, Luigi Citrigno, Antonio Qualtieri, Patrizia Spadafora, Francesca Cavalcanti, Domenica Immacolata Battaglia
Pediatric Neurology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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The MMSE and MoCA for Screening Cognitive Impairment in Less Educated Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Ji In Kim, Mun Kyung Sunwoo, Young H. Sohn, Phil Hyu Lee, Jin Y. Hong; J Mov Disord. 2016;9(3):152-159. Published online September 21, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.16020

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Abstract PDF

Objective
To explore whether the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) can be used to screen for dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in less educated patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Methods
We reviewed the medical records of PD patients who had taken the Korean MMSE (K-MMSE), Korean MoCA (K-MoCA), and comprehensive neuropsychological tests. Predictive values of the K-MMSE and K-MoCA for dementia or MCI were analyzed in groups divided by educational level.
Results
The discriminative powers of the K-MMSE and K-MoCA were excellent [area under the curve (AUC) 0.86–0.97] for detecting dementia but not for detecting MCI (AUC 0.64–0.85). The optimal screening cutoff values of both tests increased with educational level for dementia (K-MMSE < 15 for illiterate, < 20 for 0.5–3 years of education, < 23 for 4–6 years, < 25 for 7–9 years, and < 26 for 10 years or more; K-MoCA < 7 for illiterate, < 13 for 0.5–3 years, < 16 for 4–6 years, < 19 for 7–9 years, < 20 for 10 years or more) and MCI (K-MMSE < 19 for illiterate, < 26 for 0.5–3 years, < 27 for 4–6 years, < 28 for 7–9 years, and < 29 for 10 years or more; K-MoCA < 13 for illiterate, < 21 for 0.5–3 years, < 23 for 4–6 years, < 25 for 7–9 years, < 26 for 10 years or more).
Conclusion
Both MMSE and MoCA can be used to screen for dementia in patients with PD, regardless of educational level; however, neither test is sufficient to discriminate MCI from normal cognition without additional information.

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Clinical Heterogeneity of Atypical Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration in Koreans: Jae-Hyeok Lee, Jongkyu Park, Ho-Sung Ryu, Hyeyoung Park, Young Eun Kim, Jin Yong Hong, Sang Ook Nam, Young-Hee Sung, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jee-Young Lee, Myung Jun Lee, Tae-Hyoung Kim, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Sun Ju Chung, Seong Beom Koh, Phil Hyu Lee, Jin Whan Cho, Mee Young Park, Yun Joong Kim, Young H. Sohn, Beom Seok Jeon, Myung Sik Lee; J Mov Disord. 2016;9(1):20-27. Published online January 25, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.15058

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) represents a group of inherited movement disorders characterized by iron accumulation in the basal ganglia. Recent advances have included the identification of new causative genes and highlighted the wide phenotypic variation between and within the specific NBIA subtypes. This study aimed to investigate the current status of NBIA in Korea.
Methods
We collected genetically confirmed NBIA patients from twelve nationwide referral hospitals and from a review of the literature. We conducted a study to describe the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Korean adults with atypical pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN).
Results
Four subtypes of NBIA including PKAN (n = 30), PLA2G6-related neurodegeneration (n = 2), beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (n = 1), and aceruloplasminemia (n = 1) have been identified in the Korean population. The clinical features of fifteen adults with atypical PKAN included early focal limb dystonia, parkinsonism-predominant feature, oromandibular dystonia, and isolated freezing of gait (FOG). Patients with a higher age of onset tended to present with parkinsonism and FOG. The p.R440P and p.D378G mutations are two major mutations that represent approximately 50% of the mutated alleles. Although there were no specific genotype-phenotype correlations, most patients carrying the p.D378G mutation had a late-onset, atypical form of PKAN.
Conclusions
We found considerable phenotypic heterogeneity in Korean adults with atypical PKAN. The age of onset may influence the presentation of extrapyramidal symptoms.

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Typical pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration caused by compound heterozygous mutations in PANK2 gene in a Chinese patient: a case report and literature review
Yilun Tao, Chen Zhao, Dong Han, Yiju Wei, Lihong Wang, Wenxia Song, Xiaoze Li
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Genetic mutation spectrum of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration expanded by breakpoint sequencing in pantothenate kinase 2 gene
Dahae Yang, Sanghyun Cho, Sung Im Cho, Manjin Kim, Moon-Woo Seong, Sung Sup Park
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Long-Term Outcomes of Deep Brain Stimulation in Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration-Related Dystonia
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Gender Differences in Age-Related Striatal Dopamine Depletion in Parkinson’s Disease: Jae Jung Lee, Jee Hyun Ham, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn; J Mov Disord. 2015;8(3):130-135. Published online September 10, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.15031

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective Gender differences are a well-known clinical characteristic of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In-vivo imaging studies demonstrated that women have greater striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) activity than do men, both in the normal population and in PD patients. We hypothesize that women exhibit more rapid aging-related striatal DAT reduction than do men, as the potential neuroprotective effect of estrogen wanes with age.
Methods This study included 307 de novo PD patients (152 men and 155 women) who underwent DAT scans for an initial diagnostic work-up. Gender differences in age-related DAT decline were assessed in striatal sub-regions using linear regression analysis.
Results Female patients exhibited greater DAT activity compared with male patients in all striatal sub-regions. The linear regression analysis revealed that age-related DAT decline was greater in the anterior and posterior caudate, and the anterior putamen in women compared with men; we did not observe this difference in other sub-regions.
Conclusions This study demonstrated the presence of gender differences in age-related DAT decline in striatal sub-regions, particularly in the antero-dorsal striatum, in patients with PD, presumably due to aging-related decrease in estrogen. Because this difference was not observed in the sensorimotor striatum, this finding also suggests that women may not have a greater capacity to tolerate PD pathogenesis than do men.

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Apathy and Olfactory Dysfunction in Early Parkinson’s Disease: Jin Yong Hong, Mun Kyung Sunwoo, Jee Hyun Ham, Jae Jung Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn; J Mov Disord. 2015;8(1):21-25. Published online January 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.14029

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Abstract PDF

Objective Olfactory and emotional dysfunctions are very common in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Olfaction and emotions share common neuroanatomical substrates. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the association between olfactory and emotional dysfunctions in patients with PD.
Methods Parkinson’s disease patients who had been assessed for their olfactory function and neuropsychiatric symptoms including emotional dysfunction were included. A logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between low olfaction and different neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Results The patients with low olfaction (cross cultural smell identification test score ≤ 6) showed a higher prevalence of apathy when compared with those with high olfaction, whereas the frequencies of other neuropsychiatric symptoms were comparable between the two groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of apathy/indifference [odds ratio (OR) = 2.859, p = 0.007], age 70 years or more (OR = 2.281, p = 0.009), and the male gender (OR = 1.916, p = 0.030) were significantly associated with low olfaction.
Conclusions Our results demonstrate that apathy/indifference is a unique emotional dysfunction associated with olfactory dysfunction in PD. The findings also suggest that PD patients with low olfaction have a high prevalence of apathy.

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Abstract PDF: Chorea is a rare complication of polycythemia vera (PV). We report a 58-year-old woman with acute onset chorea without structural lesion in the basal ganglia. The physical and laboratory findings were compatible with the diagnosis of PV. After repeated phlebotomies her chorea was improved. PV should be considered as one of the possible etiologies of chorea, as early diagnosis is important to lead to the effective treatment and prevention of complications.

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