Journal of Movement Disorders

Volume 2(1); April 2009

Editorial

The Neuropathologic Substrate of Parkinson Disease Dementia: Kurt A. Jellinger; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):1-3.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09001

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The neuropathologic substrate of Parkinson disease dementia
Kurt A. Jellinger
Acta Neuropathologica.2010; 119(1): 151. CrossRef

Invited Reviews

Apomorphine and Levodopa Infusion Therapies for Advanced Parkinson’s Disease: Angelo Antonini; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):4-9.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09002

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Abstract PDF

Continuous infusion of levodopa or apomorphine provide constant dopaminergic stimulations are good alternatives to deep brain stimulation to control motor fluctuations in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). Apomorphine provides motor benefit similar to dopamine, but its long-term use is limited by compliance, mostly injection site skin reactions. Administration of levodopa/carbidopa by continuous duodenal infusion allows replacement of all oral medications and permits achievement of a satisfactory therapeutic response paralleled by a reduction in motor complication severity. However, this procedure is more invasive than apomorphine as it requires a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Clinical experience with infusions shows that continuous dopaminergic stimulation of dopaminergic medications reduces dyskinesia and widens the therapeutic window in advanced PD.

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Integrating technology into a successful apomorphine delivery program in Thailand: a 10-year journey of achievements with a five-motto concept
Onanong Phokaewvarangkul, Nithinan Kantachadvanich, Vijittra Buranasrikul, Kanyawat Sanyawut, Saisamorn Phumphid, Chanawat Anan, Roongroj Bhidayasiri
Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Safety and tolerability of long-term apomorphine infusion in advanced Parkinson's disease: an Indian multi-center (APO-IND) experience
Vinod Metta, Rajinder K. Dhamija, Lucia Batzu, Rukmini Mrudula, Natuva Sai Sampath Kumar, Arunan S., Cristian Falup-Pecurariu, Carmen Rodriguez-Blazquez, Vinay Goyal, Prashanth L.K., Kalyan Bhattacharya, Suresh Kumar, Kallol Ray Chaudhuri, Rupam Borgohain
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A Randomized Trial Assessing the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy During Morning Off of AZ‐009
Eva Thijssen, Jonas den Heijer, David Puibert, Laurence Moss, Mingzu Lei, David Hasegawa, Kyo Keum, Ken Mochel, Mohammed Ezzeldin Sharaf, Tom Alfredson, Wenxiang Zeng, Emilie van Brummelen, Tatjana Naranda, Geert Jan Groeneveld
Movement Disorders.2022; 37(4): 790. CrossRef
Why do ‘OFF’ periods still occur during continuous drug delivery in Parkinson’s disease?
Silvia Rota, Daniele Urso, Daniel J. van Wamelen, Valentina Leta, Iro Boura, Per Odin, Alberto J. Espay, Peter Jenner, K. Ray Chaudhuri
Translational Neurodegeneration.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Parkinson's disease and skin
Nicki Niemann, Andrew Billnitzer, Joseph Jankovic
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2021; 82: 61. CrossRef
Subcutaneous apomorphine in advanced Parkinson’s disease and its use in Indian population
Vinod Metta, Rupam Borgohain, Prashanth L Kukkle, Rukmini Mridula, Pankaj Agarwal, Asha Kishore, Vinay Goyal, Ray Chaudhuri
Annals of Movement Disorders.2020; 3(3): 145. CrossRef
Apomorphine for Parkinson’s Disease: Efficacy and Safety of Current and New Formulations
Federico Carbone, Atbin Djamshidian, Klaus Seppi, Werner Poewe
CNS Drugs.2019; 33(9): 905. CrossRef
Platinum/Graphene Oxide Coated Microfabricated Arrays for Multinucleus Neural Activities Detection in the Rat Models of Parkinson’s Disease Treated by Apomorphine
Guihua Xiao, Yilin Song, Yu Zhang, Shengwei Xu, Yu Xing, Mixia Wang, Xinxia Cai
ACS Applied Bio Materials.2019; 2(9): 4010. CrossRef
Pharmacological Insights into the Use of Apomorphine in Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical Relevance
Manon Auffret, Sophie Drapier, Marc Vérin
Clinical Drug Investigation.2018; 38(4): 287. CrossRef
The Many Faces of Apomorphine: Lessons from the Past and Challenges for the Future
Manon Auffret, Sophie Drapier, Marc Vérin
Drugs in R&D.2018; 18(2): 91. CrossRef
Apomorphine en perfusion sous-cutanée continue dans la maladie de Parkinson : le point de vue pharmacologique
M. Auffret, S. Drapier, M. Vérin, P. Sauleau
Pratique Neurologique - FMC.2016; 7(1): 25. CrossRef
Apomorphine en perfusion sous-cutanée continue dans la maladie de Parkinson : le point de vue clinique
S. Drapier, M. Auffret, M. Vérin, P. Sauleau
Pratique Neurologique - FMC.2016; 7(1): 33. CrossRef
Infusion treatments and deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: The role of nursing
Anna De Rosa, Alessandro Tessitore, Leonilda Bilo, Silvio Peluso, Giuseppe De Michele
Geriatric Nursing.2016; 37(6): 434. CrossRef

Dopamine Agonist Therapy in Advanced Parkinson’s Disease: Heinz Reichmann; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):10-13.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09003

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A Review of Advanced Molecular Engineering Approaches to Enhance the Thermostability of Enzyme Breakers: From Prospective of Upstream Oil and Gas Industry
Muhammad Naeem, Amjad Bajes Khalil, Zeeshan Tariq, Mohamed Mahmoud
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(3): 1597. CrossRef
‘Dopamine agonist Phobia’ in Parkinson’s disease: when does it matter? Implications for non-motor symptoms and personalized medicine
Silvia Rota, Iro Boura, Lucia Batzu, Nataliya Titova, Peter Jenner, Cristian Falup-Pecurariu, K Ray Chaudhuri
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics.2020; 20(9): 953. CrossRef
The Combination of DAT-SPECT, Structural and Diffusion MRI Predicts Clinical Progression in Parkinson’s Disease
Sara Lorio, Fabio Sambataro, Alessandro Bertolino, Bogdan Draganski, Juergen Dukart
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Review Article

Electrophysiologic Assessments of Involuntary Movements: Tremor and Myoclonus: Hyun-Dong Park, Hee-Tae Kim; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):14-17.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09004

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Abstract PDF

Tremor is defined as a rhythmical, involuntary oscillatory movement of a body part. Although neurological examination reveals information regarding its frequency, regularity, amplitude, and activation conditions, the electrophysiological investigations help in confirming the tremor, in differentiating it from other hyperkinetic disorders like myoclonus, and may provide etiological clues. Accelerometer with surface electromyogram (EMG) can be used to document the dominant frequency of a tremor, which may be useful as certain frequencies are more characteristic of specific etiologies than others hyperkinetic disorders. It may show rhythmic bursts, duration and activation pattern (alternating or synchronous). Myoclonus is a quick, involuntary movement. Electrophysiological studies may helpful in the evaluation of myoclonus, not only for confirming the clinical diagnosis but also for understanding the underlying physiological mechanisms. Electroencephalogram (EEG)-EMG correlates can give us important information about myoclonus. Jerk-locked back-averaging and evoked potentials with recording of the long-latency, long-loop reflexes are currently available to study the pathophysiology of myoclonus.

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DBS in tremor with dystonia: VIM, GPi or both? A review of the literature and considerations from a single-center experience
Davide Paoli, Russell Mills, Una Brechany, Nicola Pavese, Claire Nicholson
Journal of Neurology.2023; 270(4): 2217. CrossRef
Posthypoxic Segmental Spinal “Flutter”-Like Myoclonus
BobyV Maramattom
Neurology India.2022; 70(5): 2202. CrossRef
The diagnostic value of clinical neurophysiology in hyperkinetic movement disorders: A systematic review
S. van der Veen, M.R. Klamer, J.W.J. Elting, J.H.T.M. Koelman, A.M.M. van der Stouwe, M.A.J. Tijssen
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2021; 89: 176. CrossRef
How can neurophysiological studies help with movement disorders characterization in clinical practice? A review
Talyta GRIPPE, Natalia Spinola Costa da CUNHA, Pedro Renato de Paula BRANDÃO, Rubens Nelson Morato FERNANDEZ, Francisco Eduardo Costa CARDOSO
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria.2020; 78(8): 512. CrossRef
Epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysmal motor phenomena in newborns
Carlotta Facini, Carlotta Spagnoli, Francesco Pisani
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine.2016; 29(22): 3652. CrossRef

Original Articles

The Occurrence of Fatigue in Independent and Clinically Stable Filipino Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease: Carter S. Rabo, Raymond L. Rosales, Ma. Lourdes P. Corrales; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):18-21.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09005

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Abstract PDF

Background:

Fatigue is a multidimensional problem affecting patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is ranked as one of the most bothersome symptom of patients with Parkinson’s disease. The study primarily aims to determine the presence of fatigue among clinically stable and independent Filipino patients suffering from idiopathic PD.

Methods:

This study is a prospective cross-sectional study. Recruited patients and control group were all Filipinos. Only independent patients with idiopathic, stable and non-fluctuating PD were included in the study. Those eligible underwent a multitude of screening tests to rule out presence of dementia (Mini Mental Status Examination, MMSE), depression (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, MADRS), anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Scale, HAM-A) and sleep disturbance. Disease severity was assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and fatigue severity using both the Multicomponent Fatigue Index (MFI) and Fatigue Severity Inventory (FSI).

Results:

Twenty-eight patients underwent the study. The mean Hoehn and Yahr staging was 1.79. Patients with PD scored higher on both FSI and MFI (individual dimension scores and total score) as compared to the normal controls.

Conclusions:

The outcome of the study confirmed the presence of fatigue (general, physical, mental), even in clinically stable and independent patients suffering from idiopathic PD, when compared with age-matched healthy controls.

Citations

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A Community-based study on the prevalence and predisposing factors of Parkinson’s disease in Barangay Mangilag Sur, Quezon Province, Philippines
Raymond L. Rosales, Mary Camille E. Rosales, Danica Jane S.J. Robles, Ron Christian Neil T. Rodriguez, Nadia Beatrice S. Romana, Joseph Mariuz B. Rosales, Gerardo B. Salazar, Richelle Ann S. Santiano
Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2022; 7: 100169. CrossRef
The effect of Non-Motor symptoms on Health-Related quality of life in patients with young onset Parkinson’s Disease: A single center Vietnamese Cross-Sectional study
Tai Ngoc Tran, Uyen Ngoc Le Ha, Tuan Manh Nguyen, Thuan Duc Nguyen, Khang Ngoc Chung Vo, Thuong Huyen Dang, Paula Mai Phuong Trinh, Daniel Truong
Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2021; 5: 100118. CrossRef
Neural and dopaminergic correlates of fatigue in Parkinson’s disease
Suk Yun Kang, Mirim Bang, Jing Yong Hong, Jungsu Oh, Jae Seung Kim, You Mie Han, Suk Ki Chang, Seun Ah Lee, Uicheul Yoon, Na-Young Shin
Journal of Neural Transmission.2020; 127(3): 301. CrossRef
Prevalence and Predisposing Factors of Parkinson Disease: A Community-Based Study In Barangay Mangilag Sur, Candelaria, Quezon: A Research Protocol
Danica Jane S.J Robles, Ron Christian Neil T Rodriguez, Nadia Beatrice S Romana, Joseph Mariuz B Rosales, Mary Camille E Rosales, Gerardo B Salazar, Raymond L Rosales
Journal of Medicine, University of Santo Tomas.2017; 1(1): 109. CrossRef

Comparison of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism between Possible and Probable Multiple System Atrophy: Kyum-Yil Kwon, Jae Seung Kim, Ki Chun Im, Myoung Chong Lee, Sun Ju Chung; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):22-28.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09006

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Abstract PDF

Background:

To investigate the relationship between presenting clinical manifestations and imaging features of multisystem neuronal dysfunction in MSA patients, using ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET).

Methods:

We studied 50 consecutive MSA patients with characteristic brain MRI findings of MSA, including 34 patients with early MSA-parkinsonian (MSA-P) and 16 with early MSA-cerebellar (MSA-C). The cerebral glucose metabolism of all MSA patients was evaluated in comparison with 25 age-matched controls. ¹⁸F-FDG PET results were assessed by the Statistic Parametric Mapping (SPM) analysis and the regions of interest (ROI) method.

Results:

The mean time from disease onset to ¹⁸F-FDG PET was 25.9±13.0 months in 34 MSA-P patients and 20.1±11.1 months in 16 MSA-C patients. Glucose metabolism of the putamen showed a greater decrease in possible MSA-P than in probable MSA-P (p=0.031). Although the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) score did not differ between possible MSA-P and probable MSA-P, the subscores of rigidity (p=0.04) and bradykinesia (p= 0.008) were significantly higher in possible MSA-P than in probable MSA-P. Possible MSA-C showed a greater decrease in glucose metabolism of the cerebellum than probable MSA-C (p=0.016).

Conclusions:

Our results may suggest that the early neuropathological pattern of possible MSA with a predilection for the striatonigral or olivopontocerebellar system differs from that of probable MSA, which has prominent involvement of the autonomic nervous system in addition to the striatonigral or olivopontocerebellar system.

Citations

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F-18 FP-CIT PET in Multiple System Atrophy of the Cerebellar Type: Additional Role in Treatment
Young Jin Jeong, Sang-Myung Cheon, Do-Young Kang, Jae Woo Kim
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef
A systematic review of lessons learned from PET molecular imaging research in atypical parkinsonism
Flavia Niccolini, Marios Politis
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.2016; 43(12): 2244. CrossRef

Unilateral Standing Leg Tremor as the Initial Manifestation of Parkinson Disease: Suk Yun Kang, Sook-Keun Song, Jin-Soo Kim, Young Ho Sohn; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):29-32.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09007

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Abstract PDF

Background:

The aim of this study was to analyze the different forms of leg tremors exhibited while standing in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), and to determine if the type of leg tremor exhibited is indicative of prognosis or treatment response in PD patients.

Methods:

We studied the clinical characteristics of five PD patients (all women; mean age, 59 years, range, 53–64 years) with unilateral standing leg tremor as the initial manifestation of PD, including their electrophysiological findings and the results of long-term follow-up.

Results:

For each patient, parkinsonism either existed at the time of onset of the initial symptoms or developed later. Patient responses to drugs were generally good, but one patient showed a poor response to drugs, even though she had only a low frequency leg tremor. For two patients whom we could observe during the 10-year follow-up period, neither the leg tremor nor parkinsonism was aggravated.

Conclusions:

There are two forms of unilateral standing leg tremor in PD. One form is high frequency, similar to the primary orthostatic tremor. The other is low frequency and similar to the parkinsonian resting tremor. Based on these observations, it appears that progression might be slow if PD patients have standing leg tremor as the initial manifestation.

Citations

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Orthostatic tremor as initial presentation of Parkinson’s disease
Y R Chiew
QJM: An International Journal of Medicine.2023; 116(7): 549. CrossRef
The ‘Postural Rhythm’ of the Ground Reaction Force during Upright Stance and Its Conversion to Body Sway—The Effect of Vision, Support Surface and Adaptation to Repeated Trials
Stefania Sozzi, Shashank Ghai, Marco Schieppati
Brain Sciences.2023; 13(7): 978. CrossRef
An unusual initial presentation of Parkinson’s disease: unilateral standing leg tremor
Jasem Yousef Al-Hashel, Walaa Ahmed Kamel, Philippe Damier, Ahmad Jasem Abdulsalam
Acta Neurologica Belgica.2020; 120(2): 415. CrossRef

Hyperhomocysteinemia in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Relationship to Vitamin B Level: Hae-Won Shin, Young Ho Sohn; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):33-36.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09008

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Abstract PDF

Background:

Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels are increased in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) undergoing levodopa treatment. We measured the Hcy levels in PD patients and assessed the relationship between Hcy level and features of PD, cognitive function and vitamin B status.

Methods:

Concentrations of Hcy, vitamin B₁₂ and folate were measured in 33 PD patients and 41 normal control individuals. Mini-mental Status Examination (MMSE) was assessed in all subjects. In PD patients, Hoehn & Yahr stage and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores were also examined.

Results:

Plasma Hcy levels were lower in PD patients than in control individuals. Hcy level was inversely correlated with vitamin B₁₂ and folate levels in the PD group but not in control individuals. Age, symptom duration, UPDRS motor scores, MMSE score, levodopa dose and duration of treatment did not differ between patients with Hcy >14 μmol/L and those with Hcy <14 μmol/L.

Conclusions:

Plasma Hcy levels were increased in PD patients with levodopa treatment and were related to vitamin B level. These results indicate that vitamin supplementation may be beneficial in levodopa-treated PD patients, although hyperhomocysteinemia did not affect the motor and cognitive status of PD patients.

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An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analysis on the role of vitamins in Parkinson’s disease
Sama Rahnemayan, Sasan Ghazanfar Ahari, Reza Rikhtegar, Sevda Riyahifar, Sarvin Sanaie
Acta Neurologica Belgica.2023; 123(1): 69. CrossRef
Association between the risk and severity of Parkinson’s disease and plasma homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yuxin Quan, Jisen Xu, Qing Xu, Zhiqing Guo, Ruwei Ou, Huifang Shang, Qianqian Wei
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Large-Fiber Neuropathy in Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical, Biological, and Electroneurographic Assessment of a Romanian Cohort
Oana Maria Vanta, Nicoleta Tohanean, Sebastian Pintea, Lacramioara Perju-Dumbrava
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2019; 8(10): 1533. CrossRef
Parkinson's disease, hyperhomocysteinemia and thrombosis: A dangerous combination
S. Bellakhal, E. Gharbi, Z. Meddeb, M. Mrouki, I. Abdelkéfi, M.-H. Douggui
Revue Neurologique.2016; 172(6-7): 398. CrossRef
Associations between B Vitamins and Parkinson’s Disease
Liang Shen
Nutrients.2015; 7(9): 7197. CrossRef

Case Reports

Generalized Chorea Induced by an Unilateral Anterior Cerebral Artery Territorial Infarction: Jae Hong Chang, Woo-Keun Seo, Moon-Ho Park, Jong-Mun Lee, Do-Young Kwon, Seong-Beom Koh; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):37-39.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09009

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Abstract PDF

Generalized chorea caused by unilateral cerebral infarction has rarely been reported. A 58-year-old woman presented involuntary movement in her all extremities after acute cerebral infarction on her right anterior cerebral artery territory. The involuntary movements were diagnosed as generalized chorea. We didn’t find any cause of generalized chorea except the acute cerebral infarction. Here, we described the case of generalized chorea after unilateral cerebral infarction discussing the possible mechanisms.

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Cerebral infarction in centrum semiovale presenting with hemichorea: a case report and literature review
Jingjing Yi, Lingru Zhang, Tao Zhang, Jianfeng Li, Yifan Zhang, Meining Zhou
Frontiers in Neurology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Movement Disorders Associated With Cerebral Artery Stenosis: A Nationwide Study
Kye Won Park, Nari Choi, Eungseok Oh, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Min Seok Baek, Han-Joon Kim, Dalla Yoo, Jee-Young Lee, Ji-Hyun Choi, Jae Hyeok Lee, Seong-Beom Koh, Young Hee Sung, Jin Whan Cho, Hui-Jun Yang, Jinse Park, Hae-Won Shin, Tae-Beom Ahn, Ho-Sung Ryu, So
Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Acute Hemichorea as an Unusual Presentation of Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis
Dong Wook Kim, Youngchai Ko, Sang Hyun Jang, Soo Jin Yoon, Gun-Sei Oh, Soo Joo Lee, Dong Joo Yun
Journal of Movement Disorders.2013; 6(1): 17. CrossRef

Painless Legs and Moving Toes as an Initial Presentation of Ischemic Stroke: Se Mi Oh, Won Tae Yoon, Ji Youn Kim, Hee-Young Shin, Won Yong Lee; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):40-42.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09010

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Abstract PDF

Painless legs and moving toes is an unusual syndrome, which has not previously been reported as an initial presentation of ischemic stroke. We encountered a 78-year-old woman who developed dysarthria and involuntary movement of her left toes that was clinically regarded as painless legs and moving toes. These symptoms appeared abruptly and simultaneously as the initial symptoms of stroke, and improved gradually with conservative management by intravenous hydration for a month. We suggest that, in our case, a cortical brain lesion caused by ischemic stroke might be associated with the development of painless legs and moving toes.

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Painful legs and moving toes syndrome
Hiroki Tamura, Kosuke Ishizuka, Kiyoshi Shikino, Masatomi Ikusaka
BMJ Case Reports.2021; 14(3): e240692. CrossRef
Movement Disorders Following Cerebrovascular Lesions: Etiology, Treatment Options and Prognosis
Do-Young Kwon
Journal of Movement Disorders.2016; 9(2): 63. CrossRef
Painful legs and moving toes syndrome in a 16-year-old girl
Seung Soo Kim, Yong Seung Hwang, Young Chang Kim
Korean Journal of Pediatrics.2016; 59(9): 381. CrossRef

Parkinsonsim due to a Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Bosuk Park, Sook Keun Song, Jin Yong Hong, Phil Hyu Lee; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):43-44.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09011

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Abstract PDF

Subdural hematoma is a rare cause of parkinsonism. We present the case of a 78-year-old man with right-side dominant parkinsonism about 3 months after a minor head injury. MRI reveals a chronic subdural hematoma on the left side with mildly displaced midline structures. The parkinsonian features were almost completely disappeared after neurosurgical evacuation of the hematoma without any anti-parkinson drug.

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Systematic Review of Post-Traumatic Parkinsonism, an Emerging Parkinsonian Disorder Among Survivors of Traumatic Brain Injury
Catherine Rojvirat, Gabriel R. Arismendi, Erin Feinstein, Maynard Guzman, Bruce A. Citron, Vedad Delic
Neurotrauma Reports.2024; 5(1): 37. CrossRef
Parkinsonism-like features following reconstructive cranioplasty
Mayank Tyagi, Charu Mahajan, Indu Kapoor, Hemanshu Prabhakar
Neurological Sciences.2021; 42(4): 1591. CrossRef
Chronic subdural hematoma-induced parkinsonism: A systematic review
Achmad Fahmi, Heru Kustono, Komang Sena Adhistira, Heri Subianto, Budi Utomo, Agus Turchan
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.2021; 208: 106826. CrossRef
Secondary parkinsonism caused by chronic subdural hematomas owing to compressed cortex and a disturbed cortico–basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuit: illustrative case
Masao Fukumura, Sho Murase, Yuzo Kuroda, Kazutomo Nakazawa, Yasufumi Gon
Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the Pantothenate Kinase 2 Gene in a Korean Patient with Atypical Pantothenate Kinase Associated Neurodegeneration: Sung-Hyouk Kim, Young-Hee Sung, Kee-Hyung Park, Yeung-Bae Lee, Hyeon-Mi Park, Dong Jin Shin, Gu-Hwan Kim; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):45-47.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09012

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Abstract PDF

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by mutations in the pantothenate kinase 2 gene (PANK2) and typical magnetic resonance imaging findings. We report a case of atypical PKAN presenting with generalized dystonia. Our patient had compound heterozygous mutations in the PANK2 gene, including mutation in exon 3 (p.D268G) and exon 4 (p.R330P). To our knowledge, this patient is the first to have the p.R330P mutation and the second to have the p.D268G mutation.

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Atypical pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration: Clinical description of two brothers and a review of the literature
S. Mahoui, A. Benhaddadi, W. Ameur El Khedoud, M. Abada Bendib, M. Chaouch
Revue Neurologique.2017; 173(10): 658. CrossRef
Clinical Heterogeneity of Atypical Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration in Koreans
Jae-Hyeok Lee, Jongkyu Park, Ho-Sung Ryu, Hyeyoung Park, Young Eun Kim, Jin Yong Hong, Sang Ook Nam, Young-Hee Sung, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jee-Young Lee, Myung Jun Lee, Tae-Hyoung Kim, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Sun Ju Chung, Seong Beom Koh, Phil Hyu Lee, Jin Whan Cho,
Journal of Movement Disorders.2016; 9(1): 20. CrossRef

Oculogyric Crisis Associated with Disulfiram-Induced Pallidonigral Lesion: Jae Hyeok Lee, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Jin Goo Lee, Myung Sik Lee; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):48-49.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09013

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Abstract PDF

We report a man who developed oculogyric crisis one month after disulfiram intoxication. Brain MRI showed lesions involving bilateral globus pallidus and left substantia nigra. In our patient, neuronal discharges from pathologically reorganized basal ganglia circuit to the mid-brain ocular motor center might lead to tonic deviation of the eyes.

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Oculogyric Crisis in a Wilson's Disease Patient
Ping Jin, Xiao‐Ming Fu, Yu Wang, Xin‐Feng Ma, Wen‐Long Ai, Ya‐Yun Xu, Bo Li, Qun‐Rong Ye, Gong‐Qiang Wang
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2024; 11(3): 315. CrossRef
Delayed onset of impaired consciousness complicated with ketoacidosis after disulfiram overdose
Kohei Kakimoto, Mayu Hikone, Kazuhiro Sugiyama
Acute Medicine & Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Adult Onset Familial Cherry-Red Spot Myoclonus: Chi Kyung Kim, Beom S. Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):50-52.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09014

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Abstract PDF: We report a case of a 36-year-old woman with progressive generalized myoclonus that first became apparent 9 years ago. Her younger brother had similar problems. Examination of her eyes revealed cherry-red spots. Hexosaminidase A, β-galactosidase and neuraminidase activity were normal. Although the laboratory findings were negative, cherry-red spots, progressive myoclonus and autosomal recessive inheritance pattern suggested that she had an unknown type of lysosomal storage disease.

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