Skip Navigation
Skip to contents

JMD : Journal of Movement Disorders

OPEN ACCESS
SEARCH
Search

Most download

Page Path
HOME > Browse Articles > Most download
156 Most download
Filter
Filter
Article category
Keywords
Publication year
Authors
Funded articles

Most-download articles are from the articles published in 2023 during the last three month.

Review Articles
Article image
Functional Movement Disorders: Updates and Clinical Overview
Jung E Park
J Mov Disord. 2024;17(3):251-261.   Published online July 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24126
  • 15,080 View
  • 733 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Functional movement disorder (FMD) is a type of functional neurological disorder that is common but often difficult to diagnose or manage. FMD can present as various phenotypes, including tremor, dystonia, myoclonus, gait disorders, and parkinsonism. Conducting a clinical examination appropriate for assessing a patient with suspected FMD is important, and various diagnostic testing maneuvers may also be helpful. Treatment involving a multidisciplinary team, either outpatient or inpatient, has been found to be most effective. Examples of such treatment protocols are also discussed in this review. While recognition and understanding of the disorder has improved over the past few decades, as well as the development of treatments, it is not uncommon for patients and physicians to continue to experience various difficulties when dealing with this disorder. In this review, I provide a practical overview of FMD and discuss how the clinical encounter itself can play a role in patients’ acceptance of the diagnosis. Recent neuroimaging studies that aid in understanding the pathophysiology are also discussed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Reduced microstructural white matter integrity is associated with the severity of physical symptoms in functional neurological disorder
    Nicolas Gninenko, Eliane Müller, Selma Aybek
    NeuroImage: Clinical.2025; 46: 103791.     CrossRef
  • Functional Movement Disorder: Evolving Mechanisms, Diagnostic Precision, and Personalized Multidisciplinary Care
    Emmanuel Ortega‐Robles, Ali Shalash, Jesús Ramírez‐Bermúdez, Oscar Arias‐Carrión
    Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical insights into movement disorders in children: A review of etiology, diagnosis, and treatment options
    Aron Christy, Ramya A
    IP International Journal of Medical Paediatrics and Oncology.2024; 10(4): 103.     CrossRef
Article image
Non-Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson’s Disease: Underdiagnosed Yet Important
Iro Boura, Karolina Poplawska-Domaszewicz, Cleanthe Spanaki, Rosabel Chen, Daniele Urso, Riaan van Coller, Alexander Storch, Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
J Mov Disord. 2025;18(1):1-16.   Published online December 20, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24227
  • 4,164 View
  • 322 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Non-motor fluctuations (NMFs) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) significantly affect patients’ well-being. Despite being identified over two decades ago, NMFs remain largely underrecognized, undertreated, and poorly understood. While they are often temporally associated with motor fluctuations (MFs) and can share common risk factors and pathophysiologic mechanisms, NMFs and MFs are currently considered distinct entities. The prevalence and severity of NMFs, often categorized into neuropsychiatric, sensory, and autonomic subtypes, vary significantly across studies due to the heterogeneous PD populations screened and the diverse evaluation tools applied. The consistent negative impact of NMFs on PD patients’ quality of life underscores the importance of further investigations via focused and controlled studies, validated assessment instruments and novel digital technologies. High-quality research is essential to illuminate the complex pathophysiology and clinical nuances of NMFs, ultimately enhancing clinicians’ diagnostic and treatment options in routine clinical practice.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Managing non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease in China: clinical perspectives
    Jing Chen, Xiaotong Feng, Danhua Zhao, Baoyu Chen, Chaobo Bai, Qi Wang, Yuan Li, Junyi Chen, Xintong Guo, Jinjin Wang, Lin Zhang, Junliang Yuan
    BMC Neurology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Post hoc exploratory analysis of the effect of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa continuous subcutaneous infusion on nocturia in patients with Parkinson’s disease
    K. Ray Chaudhuri, Manon Bouchard, Eric Freire-Alvarez, Rajesh Pahwa, Lars Bergmann, Resmi Gupta, Pavnit Kukreja, Megha B. Shah, Stuart H. Isaacson
    Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2025; 12: 100330.     CrossRef
  • Motor fluctuations in Parkinson disease – a mini-review of emerging drugs
    Priti Gros, Laura Armengou Garcia, Susan H. Fox
    Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
Article image
Drug Repositioning and Repurposing for Disease-Modifying Effects in Parkinson’s Disease
Seong Ho Jeong, Phil Hyu Lee
J Mov Disord. 2025;18(2):113-126.   Published online February 7, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.25008
  • 2,740 View
  • 236 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
  • 1 Comments
AbstractAbstract PDF
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by progressive dopaminergic and nondopaminergic neuronal loss and the presence of Lewy bodies, which are primarily composed of aggregated α-synuclein. Despite advancements in symptomatic therapies, such as dopamine replacement and deep brain stimulation, no disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have been identified to slow or arrest neurodegeneration in patients with PD. Challenges in DMT development include disease heterogeneity, the absence of reliable biomarkers, and the multifaceted pathophysiology of PD, encompassing neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal impairment, and oxidative stress. Drug repositioning and repurposing strategies using existing drugs for new therapeutic applications offer promising approaches to accelerate the development of DMTs for PD. These strategies minimize time, cost, and risk by using compounds with established safety profiles. Prominent candidates include glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, ambroxol, calcium channel blockers, statins, iron-chelating agents, c-Abl inhibitors, and memantine. Although preclinical and early clinical studies have demonstrated encouraging results, numerous phase III trials have yielded unfavorable outcomes, elucidating the complexity of PD pathophysiology and the need for innovative trial designs. This review evaluates the potential of prioritized repurposed drugs for PD, focusing on their mechanisms, preclinical evidence, and clinical trial outcomes, and highlights the ongoing challenges and opportunities in this field.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Teneligliptin, a DPP4 Inhibitor Protects Dopaminergic Neurons in PD Models via Inhibiting of Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis
    Linting Huang, Jiakai Pi, Liqin Gu, Zirou Liao, Wenya Wang
    European Journal of Pharmacology.2025; : 177782.     CrossRef
Original Article
Article image
Gait Instability and Compensatory Mechanisms in Parkinson’s Disease Patients With Camptocormia: An Exploratory Study
Hideyuki Urakami, Yasutaka Nikaido, Yuta Okuda, Yutaka Kikuchi, Ryuichi Saura, Yohei Okada
J Mov Disord. 2025;18(2):127-137.   Published online December 27, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24226
  • 1,961 View
  • 243 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objective
Camptocormia contributes to vertical gait instability and, at times, may also lead to forward instability in experimental settings in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. However, these aspects, along with compensatory mechanisms, remain largely unexplored. This study comprehensively investigated gait instability and compensatory strategies in PD patients with camptocormia (PD+CC).
Methods
Ten PD+CC patients, 30 without camptocormia (PD-CC), and 27 healthy controls (HCs) participated. Self-paced gait tasks were analyzed using three-dimensional motion capture systems to assess gait stability as well as spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters. Unique cases with pronounced forward gait stability or instability were first identified, followed by group comparisons. Correlation analysis was performed to examine associations between trunk flexion angles (lower/upper) and gait parameters. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results
Excluding one unique case, the PD+CC group presented a significantly lower vertical center of mass (COM) position (p=0.019) increased mediolateral COM velocity (p=0.004) and step width (p=0.013), compared to the PD-CC group. Both PD groups presented greater anterior‒posterior margins of stability than did the HCs (p<0.001). Significant correlations were found between lower/upper trunk flexion angles and a lower vertical COM position (r=-0.690/-0.332), as well as increased mediolateral COM velocity (r=0.374/0.446) and step width (r=0.580/0.474).
Conclusion
Most PD+CC patients presented vertical gait instability, increased fall risk, and adopted compensatory strategies involving greater lateral COM shift and a wider base of support, with these trends intensifying as trunk flexion angles increased. These findings may guide targeted interventions for gait instability in PD+CC patients.
Review Articles
Article image
α-Synuclein: A Promising Biomarker for Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders
Taku Hatano, Ayami Okuzumi, Gen Matsumoto, Taiji Tsunemi, Nobutaka Hattori
J Mov Disord. 2024;17(2):127-137.   Published online April 9, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24075
  • 8,989 View
  • 545 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Mutations in the SNCA gene, which encodes α-synuclein (α-syn), play a key role in the development of genetic Parkinson’s disease (PD). α-Syn is a major component of Lewy bodies in PD and glial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy (MSA). Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients often progress to PD, dementia with Lewy bodies, or MSA, which are collectively known as α-synucleinopathies. The loss of dopaminergic neurons with Lewy bodies precedes motor dysfunction in these diseases, but the mechanisms of neurodegeneration due to α-syn aggregation are poorly understood. Monitoring α-syn aggregation in vivo could serve as a diagnostic biomarker and help elucidate pathogenesis, necessitating a simple and accurate detection method. Seed amplification assays (SAAs), such as real-time quaking-induced conversion and protein misfolding cyclic amplification, are used to detect small amounts of abnormally structured α-syn protofibrils, which are central to aggregation. These methods are promising for the early diagnosis of α-synucleinopathy. Differences in α-syn filament structures between α-synucleinopathies, as observed through transmission electron microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy, suggest their role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. SAAs may differentiate between subtypes of α-synucleinopathy and other diseases. Efforts are also being made to identify α-syn from blood using various methods. This review introduces body fluid α-syn biomarkers based on pathogenic α-syn seeds, which are expected to redefine α-synucleinopathy diagnosis and staging, improving clinical research accuracy and facilitating biomarker development.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Selective detection of alpha synuclein amyloid fibrils by faradaic and non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopic approaches
    Hussaini Adam, Subash C.B. Gopinath, Hemavathi Krishnan, Tijjani Adam, Makram A. Fakhri, Evan T. Salim, A. Shamsher, Sreeramanan Subramaniam, Yeng Chen
    Bioelectrochemistry.2025; 161: 108800.     CrossRef
  • Evolving Landscape of Parkinson’s Disease Research: Challenges and Perspectives
    Rumiana Tenchov, Janet M. Sasso, Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
    ACS Omega.2025; 10(2): 1864.     CrossRef
  • Seeding amplification assay: Limitations and insights for enhanced clinical and research applications
    Ilham Y Abdi, Sara A Hashish, Omar A El-Agnaf
    Journal of Parkinson’s Disease.2025; 15(3): 447.     CrossRef
  • Elucidating Pathological Mechanisms and Developing Biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease
    Taku Hatano
    Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Knowledge map of artificial intelligence in neurodegenerative diseases: a decade-long bibliometric and visualization study
    Junwei Huang, Shuqi Wang, Xuankai Liao, Danting Su, Rubing Lin, Tao Zhang, Long Zhao
    Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • RT-QuIC: a highly promising diagnostic method for neurodegenerative diseases—advantages and limitations
    D. Koníčková, D. Hraboš, K. Menšíková, L. Tučková, M. Kaleta, M. Strnad, C. Colosimo, P. Kaňovský
    Frontiers in Neurology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • α-Synuclein Pathology in Synucleinopathies: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Challenges
    Oscar Arias-Carrión, Magdalena Guerra-Crespo, Francisco J. Padilla-Godínez, Luis O. Soto-Rojas, Elías Manjarrez
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(11): 5405.     CrossRef
  • Vascular parkinsonism: an update
    Kurt A. Jellinger
    Journal of Neural Transmission.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • GBA1 variants and Parkinson’s Disease: A dual approach combining clinical data and literature review
    Sezin Canbek, Goncagül Mert, Muhammed Fatih Gülseven, Mehmet Güney Şenol
    Ege Tıp Dergisi.2025; 64(2): 231.     CrossRef
  • Correlations of gait kinematics and cognitive skills in Parkinson disease
    Joshua J. Lander, Matthew F. Moran, Hannah R. Alexanian, Miray Budak
    PLOS One.2025; 20(6): e0317389.     CrossRef
  • Hypoxia Pathways in Parkinson’s Disease: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Targets
    Yuanyuan Gao, Jiarui Zhang, Tuoxian Tang, Zhenjiang Liu
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(19): 10484.     CrossRef
  • Circadian rhythm disruption: a potential trigger in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis
    Ke Xu, Yu Zhang, Yue Shi, Yake Zhang, Chengguang Zhang, Tianjiao Wang, Peizhu Lv, Yan Bai, Shun Wang
    Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Article image
Evidence-Based Review on Symptomatic Management of Huntington’s Disease
Jung Hwan Shin, Hui-Jun Yang, Jong Hyun Ahn, Sungyang Jo, Seok Jong Chung, Jee-Young Lee, Hyun Sook Kim, Manho Kim
J Mov Disord. 2024;17(4):369-386.   Published online August 9, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24140
Correction in: J Mov Disord 2025;18(1):111
  • 6,240 View
  • 277 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
  • 2 Comments
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, behavioral, and cognitive impairments and significant impacts on patient quality of life. This evidence-based review, conducted by the Korean Huntington Disease Society task force, systematically examines current pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for symptomatic management of HD. Following PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched for studies up to August 2022 that focused on 23 symptoms across four domains: motor, neuropsychological, cognition, and others. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic approach to the management of HD, highlighting the need for more high-quality clinical trials to develop robust evidence-based guidelines.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A Practical Guide for Diagnostic Investigations and Special Considerations in Patients With Huntington’s Disease in Korea
    Jangsup Moon, Eungseok Oh, Minkyeong Kim, Ryul Kim, Dallah Yoo, Chaewon Shin, Jee-Young Lee, Jong-Min Kim, Seong-Beom Koh, Manho Kim, Beomseok Jeon
    Journal of Movement Disorders.2025; 18(1): 17.     CrossRef
Article image
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: Neuro-Gastroenterology Perspectives on a Multifaceted Problem
Ai Huey Tan, Kee Huat Chuah, Yuan Ye Beh, Jie Ping Schee, Sanjiv Mahadeva, Shen-Yang Lim
J Mov Disord. 2023;16(2):138-151.   Published online May 24, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22220
  • 15,778 View
  • 425 Download
  • 15 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) face a multitude of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including nausea, bloating, reduced bowel movements, and difficulties with defecation. These symptoms are common and may accumulate during the course of PD but are often under-recognized and challenging to manage. Objective testing can be burdensome to patients and does not correlate well with symptoms. Effective treatment options are limited. Evidence is often based on studies in the general population, and specific evidence in PD is scarce. Upper GI dysfunction may also interfere with the pharmacological treatment of PD motor symptoms, which poses significant management challenges. Several new less invasive assessment tools and novel treatment options have emerged in recent years. The current review provides an overview and a practical approach to recognizing and diagnosing common upper and lower GI problems in PD, e.g., dyspepsia, gastroparesis, small bowel dysfunction, chronic constipation, and defecatory dysfunction. Management aspects are discussed based on the latest evidence from the PD and general populations, with insights for future research pertaining to GI dysfunction in PD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SG5 inhibits neuroinflammation in MPTP-induced PD mice through GLP-1/PGC-1α pathway
    Yueyan Qi, Yuxuan Dong, Jinhu Chen, Siyou Xie, Xin Ma, Xueping Yu, Yang Yu, Yanqin Wang
    Experimental Neurology.2025; 383: 115001.     CrossRef
  • Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Bears on the Clinical‐Biological Profile of Parkinson's Disease
    Jacopo Bissacco, Roberta Bovenzi, Matteo Conti, Clara Simonetta, Davide Mascioli, Rocco Cerroni, Giulia Maria Sancesario, Piergiorgio Grillo, Mariangela Pierantozzi, Alessandro Stefani, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Marta Camacho, Tommaso Schirinzi
    Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2025; 12(4): 497.     CrossRef
  • Leveraging animal models to understand non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease
    Thomas Wichmann, Alexandra Nelson, Eileen Ruth S. Torres, Per Svenningsson, Roberta Marongiu
    Neurobiology of Disease.2025; 208: 106848.     CrossRef
  • The interrelationship between intestinal immune cells and enteric α-synuclein in the progression of Parkinson’s disease
    Yuan-Kai Cheng, Hao-Sen Chiang
    Neurological Sciences.2025; 46(7): 2965.     CrossRef
  • Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Parkinson's Disease Using a Validated Arabic Version of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Scale: A Multicenter Study
    Ali Soliman Shalash, Marwa Yassien Badr, Yara Salah, Shimaa Elgamal, Shaimaa Ahmed Elaidy, Eman Abdel‐Mageed Elhamrawy, Hayam Abdel‐Tawab, Eman Hamid, Ehab Ahmed El‐Seidy, Noha Lotfy Dawood
    Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Vital nutrition: enhancing health in advanced Parkinson’s disease with device-aided therapies
    Onanong Phokaewvarangkul, Ioanna Markaki, Harmen R. Moes, Igor Petrovic, Anette Schrag, Roongroj Bhidayasiri
    Journal of Neural Transmission.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between cognitive and autonomic dysfunctions in patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease
    Byung-Euk Joo, Jihwan You, Rae On Kim, Kyum-Yil Kwon
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Associations between gut microbiota characteristics and non‐motor symptoms following pharmacological and surgical treatments in Parkinson's disease patients
    Agnieszka Gorecka‐Mazur, Anna Krygowska‐Wajs, Agata Furgala, Jiaqi Li, Benjamin Misselwitz, Wojciech Pietraszko, Borys Kwinta, Bahtiyar Yilmaz
    Neurogastroenterology & Motility.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of neurodyspepsia syndrome using intelligent medicine
    Jingyu Zhu, Wei Meng, Liang Liu, Peixin Hu, Yuling Liang, Wenwen Zhu, Xiaoyan Zhu
    Open Life Sciences.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: Insights from cross-cohort prognostic analysis using machine learning
    Rebecca Ting Jiin Loo, Olena Tsurkalenko, Jochen Klucken, Graziella Mangone, Fouad Khoury, Marie Vidailhet, Jean-Christophe Corvol, Rejko Krüger, Enrico Glaab, Geeta Acharya, Gloria Aguayo, Myriam Alexandre, Muhammad Ali, Wim Ammerlann, Giuseppe Arena, Mi
    Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2024; 126: 107054.     CrossRef
  • Acupuncture for constipation in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    Zhao Li, Qun Niu, Kai Yang, Keni Zhao, Shao Yin, Fengya Zhu
    Medicine.2024; 103(29): e38937.     CrossRef
  • Alpha Synuclein Toxicity and Non-Motor Parkinson’s
    Gabriella M. Mazzotta, Carmela Conte
    Cells.2024; 13(15): 1265.     CrossRef
  • Novel strategies in Parkinson’s disease treatment: a review
    Charles L. Mitchell, Dmitry Kurouski
    Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Advice to People with Parkinson’s in My Clinic: Probiotics and Prebiotics
    Jia Wei Hor, Tzi Shin Toh, Shen-Yang Lim, Ai Huey Tan
    Journal of Parkinson’s Disease.2024; 14(7): 1507.     CrossRef
  • Unmasking bowel obstruction in a Parkinson’s patient: the influence of cognitive bias in frailty medicine
    Harvey Stevenson, Daniele Ramsay, Waseem Jerjes
    Oxford Medical Case Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Letter to the editor
Article image
Levodopa Pharmacokinetics in Switching From Levodopa/Carbidopa Intestinal Gel to Continuous Subcutaneous Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa Infusion in a Patient With Parkinson’s Disease: A Case Report
Tomonori Nukariya, Toshiki Tezuka, Shohei Okusa, Ryotaro Okochi, Yuto Sakai, Yoshihiro Nihei, Jin Nakahara, Morinobu Seki
J Mov Disord. 2025;18(2):179-181.   Published online January 6, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24247
  • 1,744 View
  • 256 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
PDF

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Cognitive and Psychiatric Adverse Effects of Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
    Sacha Brohée, Emmanuel Roze, David Grabli, Hélène Letrillart, Lise Mantisi, Cendrine Foucard, Elodie Hainque, Florence Cormier, Aurélie Méneret, Fabien Hauw
    Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Review Article
Article image
Multiple System Atrophy: Advances in Diagnosis and Therapy
Hirohisa Watanabe, Sayuri Shima, Yasuaki Mizutani, Akihiro Ueda, Mizuki Ito
J Mov Disord. 2023;16(1):13-21.   Published online December 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22082
  • 12,318 View
  • 651 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 11 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
This review summarizes improvements in understanding the pathophysiology and early clinical symptoms of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and advancements in diagnostic methods and disease-modifying therapies for the condition. In 2022, the Movement Disorder Society proposed new diagnostic criteria to develop disease-modifying therapies and promote clinical trials of MSA since the second consensus was proposed in 2008. Regarding pathogenesis, cutting-edge findings have accumulated on the interactions of α-synuclein, neuroinflammation, and oligodendroglia with neurons. In neuroimaging, introducing artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning has notably improved diagnostic accuracy and individual analyses. Advancements in treatment have also been achieved, including immunotherapy therapy against α-synuclein and serotonin-targeted and mesenchymal stem cell therapies, which are thought to affect several aspects of the disease, including neuroinflammation. The accelerated progress in clarifying the pathogenesis of MSA over the past few years and the development of diagnostic techniques for detecting early-stage MSA are expected to facilitate the development of disease-modifying therapies for one of the most intractable neurodegenerative diseases.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Integrative Analysis of Metabolome and Proteome in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Multiple System Atrophy
    Nimisha Pradeep George, Minjun Kwon, Yong Eun Jang, Seok Gi Kim, Ji Su Hwang, Sang Seop Lee, Gwang Lee
    Cells.2025; 14(4): 265.     CrossRef
  • Characteristics of cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with cognitive impairment in multiple system atrophy
    Bin Chen, Lingchao Li, Lin Bai, Min Zhao, Ying Chang, Shi Gao
    Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparing a BCI communication system in a patient with Multiple System Atrophy, with an animal model
    Brian Premchand, Kyaw Kyar Toe, Chuanchu Wang, Kai Rui Wan, Thevapriya Selvaratnam, Valerie Ethans Toh, Wai Hoe Ng, Camilo Libedinsky, Weiguo Chen, Ruiqi Lim, Ming-Yuan Cheng, Yuan Gao, Kai Keng Ang, Rosa Qi Yue So
    Brain Research Bulletin.2025; 223: 111289.     CrossRef
  • Trajectories of Pontine Volume in Patients with Multiple System Atrophy
    Kazuya Kawabata, Florian Krismer, Mizuki Ito, Kazuhiro Hara, Epifanio Bagarinao, Vincent Beliveau, Patrice Péran, Germain Arribarat, Anne Pavy‐Le Traon, Wassilios G. Meissner, Alexandra Foubert‐Samier, Margherita Fabbri, Mark Forrest Gordon, Aya Ogura, Ma
    Movement Disorders.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Multiple System Atrophy (Cerebellar Type) With Overlapping Progressive Muscular Atrophy Features and Genetic Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 4 (ERBB4) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Variant: A Case Report
    Enrique Lorenzo C Panganiban, Raymond L Rosales
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Robotic Anterior Resection in a Patient with Multiple System Atrophy
    Pranali Suresh Divekar, Shalini Saksena
    Journal of Onco-Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine.2025; 2(2): 102.     CrossRef
  • A Blinded Evaluation of Brain Morphometry for Differential Diagnosis of Atypical Parkinsonism
    Kazuya Kawabata, Florian Krismer, Beatrice Heim, Anna Hussl, Christoph Mueller, Christoph Scherfler, Elke R. Gizewski, Klaus Seppi, Werner Poewe
    Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2024; 11(4): 381.     CrossRef
  • The potential of phosphorylated α‐synuclein as a biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple system atrophy
    Toufik Abdul‐Rahman, Ranferi Eduardo Herrera‐Calderón, Arjun Ahluwalia, Andrew Awuah Wireko, Tomas Ferreira, Joecelyn Kirani Tan, Maximillian Wolfson, Shankhaneel Ghosh, Viktoriia Horbas, Vandana Garg, Asma Perveen, Marios Papadakis, Ghulam Md Ashraf, Ath
    CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Delivering the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy: a multicenter survey on Japanese neurologists’ perspectives
    Miki Yoshitake, Atsuhiko Sugiyama, Takayoshi Shimohata, Nobuyuki Araki, Masahide Suzuki, Kazumoto Shibuya, Kengo Nagashima, Nobutaka Hattori, Satoshi Kuwabara
    BMC Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical comparison of the 2008 and 2022 diagnostic criteria for early multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type
    Seoyeon Kim, Kyung Ah Woo, Jung Hwan Shin, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon
    Clinical Autonomic Research.2024; 34(6): 609.     CrossRef
  • Ocular Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potential Assists in the Differentiation of Multiple System Atrophy From Parkinson’s Disease
    Keun-Tae Kim, Kyoungwon Baik, Sun-Uk Lee, Euyhyun Park, Chan-Nyoung Lee, Tonghoon Woo, Yukang Kim, Seoui Kwag, Hyunsoh Park, Ji-Soo Kim
    Journal of Movement Disorders.2024; 17(4): 398.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Article image
Gait Parameters in Healthy Older Adults in Korea
Han-Kyeol Kim, Sung-Woo Kim, Jin Yong Hong, Min Seok Baek
J Mov Disord. 2025;18(1):55-64.   Published online November 25, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24181
  • 2,941 View
  • 149 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objective
Gaits constitute the most fundamental and common form of human locomotion and are essential in daily activities. We aimed to investigate gait parameters in medically and cognitively healthy older adults to determine the independent effects of age, physical attributes, and cognition on these parameters.
Methods
This retrospective study enrolled healthy older adult participants aged 50 years or older with normal cognition and no neurological symptoms or medical/surgical history that could affect gait. Quantitative gait analysis was conducted via the GAITRite Electronic Walkway, which categorizes gait parameters into spatiotemporal, spatial, temporal, phase, and variability. Gait parameters were compared between sexes across different age groups. The independent effects of age, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and physical characteristics were analyzed via a multiple regression model.
Results
This study included 184 participants with an average age of 72.2 years. After adjusting for age, height, and footwear, only the base width and its variability differed between the sexes. Gait parameters varied significantly among different age groups, revealing multiple interparameter associations. Age was independently correlated with decreased velocity, step and stride lengths, single support time percentage and increased double support time, double support time percentage, and variability parameters, excluding the coefficient of variance of base width. Height was positively correlated with velocity, step and stride lengths, and base width, whereas leg length was negatively associated with cadence and positively associated with temporal parameters of gait.
Conclusion
Gait parameters in healthy older adults were not only associated with age and physical characteristics but also had interparameter correlations.
Article image
The Association between the Triglyceride-Glucose Index and the Incidence Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Yoonkyung Chang, Ju-young Park, Ji Young Yun, Tae-Jin Song
J Mov Disord. 2025;18(2):138-148.   Published online February 27, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24131
  • 1,102 View
  • 75 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objective
We aimed to investigate the associations of the triglyceride-glucose index, which measures insulin resistance, and the incidence of Parkinson’s disease.
Methods
Our study used the Health Screening Cohort database of the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea (2002–2019). We included 310,021 participants who had no previous history of Parkinson’s disease and for whom more than 3 triglyceride-glucose index measurements were available. A diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease was determined via the International Classification of Diseases Tenth edition (G20) with a specific reimbursement code for rare intractable diseases and a history of prescriptions for anti-Parkinsonism drugs.
Results
During a median of 9.64 years (interquartile range 8.72–10.53), 4,587 individuals (1.5%) had Parkinson’s disease. Based on a multivariable time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model, a per-unit increase in triglyceride-glucose index score was associated with a significantly increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.062; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.007–1.119). In a sensitivity analysis, the triglyceride-glucose index was associated with the incidence of Parkinson’s disease in a non–diabetes mellitus cohort (HR: 1.093; 95% CI 1.025–1.165), but not in the diabetes mellitus cohort (HR: 0.990; 95% CI 0.902–1.087). In a restricted cubic spline analysis, the association between the triglyceride-glucose index and the incidence risk of Parkinson’s disease showed a nonlinear increasing (J-shaped) trend.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that higher triglyceride-glucose index scores were associated with the incidence of Parkinson’s disease in the general population, particularly in a nondiabetic mellitus cohort.
Review Article
Article image
Adult-Onset Genetic Leukoencephalopathies With Movement Disorders
Mu-Hui Fu, Yung-Yee Chang
J Mov Disord. 2023;16(2):115-132.   Published online March 7, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22127
  • 10,525 View
  • 549 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
  • 1 Comments
AbstractAbstract PDF
Genetic leukoencephalopathies (GLEs) are a group of white matter abnormalities with heterogeneous radiological and phenotypic features. Although these conditions have mostly been described in children, adult-onset cases are increasingly recognized owing to the widespread use of neuroimaging and advances in molecular genetic testing. The disease course is often progressive with a varied spectrum of presentations, trapping neurologists in the dilemma of differential diagnosis. Movement disorders are among the most common symptoms, and their diversity makes diagnosis challenging. In this review, we focus on adult-onset GLEs with movement disorders and offer a step-by-step diagnostic approach by clarifying the phenomenology of movement, advising investigations for acquired causes, describing the clinical and radiological clues to each disease, emphasizing the limitations of advanced molecular testing, and discussing the future application of artificial intelligence. We provide a list summarizing the leukoencephalopathies associated with different categories of movement disorders. In addition to guiding clinicians on how to narrow the list of differential diagnoses with the tools currently available, another aim of this review is to emphasize the inevitable trend toward applying advanced technology in diagnosing these difficult diseases.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A rare case of adult-onset vanishing white matter leukoencephalopathy with movement disorder, expressing homozygous EIF2B3 and PRKN pathogenic variants
    Bashar Kamal Ali Douden, Yazan Mohammad Abdullah Abufara, Mahmood Fayez Ali Aldrabeeh, Naela Ramadan Mohammad Tell, Ismail Abudaya
    BMC Neurology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Article
Article image
Feasibility of a Multidomain Intervention for Safe Mobility in People With Parkinson’s Disease and Recurrent Falls
Natalie E Allen, Lina Goh, Colleen G Canning, Catherine Sherrington, Lindy Clemson, Jacqueline CT Close, Stephen R Lord, Simon J G Lewis, Simone Edwards, Susan Harkness, Roslyn Savage, Lyndell Webster, Genevieve Zelma, Serene S Paul
J Mov Disord. 2025;18(2):149-159.   Published online March 14, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24237
  • 1,046 View
  • 62 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objective
Mobility limitations and falls are common in people with Parkinson’s disease (PwP). Compared with exercise alone, a tailored, multidomain intervention has the potential to be more effective in improving mobility safety and preventing falls. This study aimed to explore the feasibility and potential effectiveness of a multidomain fall prevention intervention (Integrate) designed for PwP who experience frequent falls.
Methods
The home-based intervention was delivered over a span of 6 months by occupational therapists and physiotherapists. The personalized intervention included home fall hazard reduction, exercise, and safer mobility behavior training. The participants received 8 to 12 home visits and were supported by care-partners (when necessary) to participate in the intervention.
Results
Twenty-nine people (recruitment rate: 49%; drop-out rate: 10%) with moderate to advanced Parkinson’s disease, a history of recurrent falls, and mild to moderate cognitive impairment participated in the study, with 26 people completing the study. A moderate-to-high adherence to the intervention was observed, and there were no adverse events related to the intervention. Twenty-one (81%) participants met or exceeded their safer mobility goal based on the Goal Attainment Scale. The participants exhibited a median 1.0-point clinically meaningful improvement according to the Short Physical Performance Battery. An exploratory analysis revealed that fall rates were reduced by almost 50% in the 6-month follow-up period (incidence rate ratio: 0.51; 95% confidence interval 0.28–0.92).
Conclusion
A multidomain occupational therapy and physiotherapy intervention for PwP experiencing recurrent falls was feasible and appeared to improve mobility safety. A randomized trial powered to detect the effects of the intervention on falls and mobility is warranted.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Shed Syndecans (1–3), ELA-32, BDNF, NLR, and hs-CRP in Parkinson’s Disease: Appropriate Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers When Combined in a Unique Panel
    Carmela Rita Balistreri, Daniele Magro, Letizia Scola, Paolo Aridon, Paolo Ragonese, Felipe Augusto Dos Santos Mendes, Giuseppe Schirò, Marco D’Amelio
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(10): 4503.     CrossRef
Letters to the editor
Article image
Diagnosing Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis in a Middle-Aged Woman With Cervical Dystonia
Wei-Sheng Wang, Yu-Ping Chiu, Meng-Han Tsai, Shey-Lin Wu, Yen-Chung Chen
J Mov Disord. 2025;18(2):182-184.   Published online January 20, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24202
  • 1,086 View
  • 76 Download
PDFSupplementary Material
Article image
A Chinese Child With Dystonia Linked to the EIF2AK2 Missense Variant: A Case Report
Lifang Dai, Changhong Ren, Shenghan Guan, Xiaojuan Tian, Hui Xiong, Changhong Ding
J Mov Disord. 2025;18(2):190-192.   Published online February 20, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24215
  • 789 View
  • 67 Download
PDF

JMD : Journal of Movement Disorders Twitter
Close layer
TOP