Journal of Movement Disorders

Letters to the editor

Investigation of the Long-Term Effects of Amantadine Use in Parkinson’s Disease: Sangmin Park, Jung Hwan Shin, Seung Ho Jeon, Chan Young Lee, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(2):224-226. Published online May 24, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.23037

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Absence of Alpha-Synuclein Pathology in the Stomach of a Patient With Prodromal Dementia With Lewy Bodies: Chaewon Shin, Seong-Ik Kim, Sung-Hye Park, Jung Hwan Shin, Chan Young Lee, Han-Joon Kim, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Seong-Ho Kong, Yun-Suhk Suh, Han-Kwang Yang, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(2):213-216. Published online April 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22219

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Viewpoint

Challenges in Parkinson’s Disease Care—In Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Kyung Ah Woo, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(1):52-54. Published online November 10, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22085

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Brief communication

Sensitivity of Detecting Alpha-Synuclein Accumulation in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Tissue Volume Examined: Chaewon Shin, Seong-Ik Kim, Sung-Hye Park, Jung Hwan Shin, Chan Young Lee, Han-Kwang Yang, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Seong-Ho Kong, Yun-Suhk Suh, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(3):264-268. Published online July 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22042

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Objective
This study aimed to evaluate whether a larger tissue volume increases the sensitivity of detecting alpha-synuclein (AS) pathology in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Methods
Nine patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) or idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep disorder (iRBD) who underwent GI operation and had full-depth intestinal blocks were included. All patients were selected from our previous study population. A total of 10 slides (5 serial sections from the proximal and distal blocks) per patient were analyzed.
Results
In previous studies, pathologic evaluation revealed phosphorylated AS (+) in 5/9 patients (55.6%) and in 1/5 controls (20.0%); in this extensive examination, this increased to 8/9 patients (88.9%) but remained the same in controls (20.0%). The severity and distribution of positive findings were similar between patients with iRBD and PD.
Conclusion
Examining a large tissue volume increased the sensitivity of detecting AS accumulation in the GI tract.

Original Articles

Long-Term Outcomes of Deep Brain Stimulation in Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration-Related Dystonia: Kyung Ah Woo, Han-Joon Kim, Seung-Ho Jeon, Hye Ran Park, Kye Won Park, Seung Hyun Lee, Sun Ju Chung, Jong-Hee Chae, Sun Ha Paek, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(3):241-248. Published online July 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22002

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Objective
To investigate the long-term clinical outcomes of pallidal deep brain stimulation (GPi-DBS) in patients with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN).
Methods
We reviewed the records of patients with genetically confirmed PKAN who received bilateral GPi-DBS for refractory dystonia and were clinically followed up for at least 2 years postoperatively at two centers in Korea. Pre- and postoperative Burke– Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale motor subscale (BFMDRS-M) scores, disability subscale (BFMDRS-D) scores, and qualitative clinical information were prospectively collected. Descriptive analysis was performed for BFMDRS-M scores, BFMDRSD scores, and the orofacial, axial, and limb subscores of the BFMDRS-M at 6–12, 24–36, and 60–72 months postoperatively.
Results
Five classic-type, four atypical-type, and one unknown-type PKAN cases were identified. The mean preoperative BFMDRS-M score was 92.1 for the classic type and 38.5 for the atypical or unknown type, with a mean BFMDRS follow-up of 50.7 months and a clinical follow-up of 69.0 months. The mean improvements in BFMDRS-M score were 11.3%, 41.3%, and 30.5% at 6–12, 24–36, and 60–72 months, respectively. In four patients with full regular evaluations until 60–72 months, improvements in the orofacial, axial, and limb subscores persisted, but the disability scores worsened from 24–36 months post-operation compared to the baseline, mainly owing to the aggravation of eating and feeding disabilities.
Conclusion
The benefits of GPi-DBS on dystonia may persist for more than 5 years in PKAN. The effects on patients’ subjective disability may have a shorter duration despite improvements in dystonia owing to the complex manifestations of PKAN.

Semiautomated Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy With Predominant Parkinsonism: Woong-Woo Lee, Han-Joon Kim, Hong Ji Lee, Han Byul Kim, Kwang Suk Park, Chul-Ho Sohn, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(3):232-240. Published online July 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21178

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Objective
Putaminal iron deposition is an important feature that helps differentiate multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-p) from Parkinson’s disease (PD). Most previous studies used visual inspection or quantitative methods with manual manipulation to perform this differentiation. We investigated the value of a new semiautomated diagnostic algorithm using 3T-MR susceptibility-weighted imaging for MSA-p.
Methods
This study included 26 MSA-p, 68 PD, and 41 normal control (NC) subjects. The algorithm was developed in 2 steps: 1) determine the image containing the remarkable putaminal margin and 2) calculate the phase-shift values, which reflect the iron concentration. The next step was to identify the best differentiating conditions among several combinations. The highest phaseshift value of each subject was used to assess the most effective diagnostic set.
Results
The raw phase-shift values were present along the lateral margin of the putamen in each group. It demonstrates an anterior- to-posterior gradient that was identified most frequently in MSA-p. The average of anterior 5 phase shift values were used for normalization. The highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.874, 80.8% sensitivity, and 86.7% specificity) of MSA-p versus PD was obtained under the combination of 3 or 4 vertical pixels and one dominant side when the normalization methods were applied. In the subanalysis for the MSA-p patients with a longer disease duration, the performance of the algorithm improved.
Conclusion
This algorithm detected the putaminal lateral margin well, provided insight into the iron distribution of the putaminal rim of MSA-p, and demonstrated good performance in differentiating MSA-p from PD.

Development of Clinical Milestones in Parkinson’s Disease After Bilateral Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation: Jed Noel A. Ong, Jung Hwan Shin, Seungho Jeon, Chan Young Lee, Han-Joon Kim, Sun Ha Paek, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(2):124-131. Published online May 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21106

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Objective
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients does not halt disease progression, as these patients will progress and develop disabling non-levodopa responsive symptoms. These features may act as milestones that represent the overall functionality of patients after DBS. The objective of this study was to investigate the development of clinical milestones in advanced PD patients who underwent bilateral STN-DBS.
Methods
The study evaluated PD patients who underwent STN-DBS at baseline up to their last follow-up using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Hoehn and Yahr scale. The symptoms of hallucinations, dysarthria, dysphagia, frequent falls, difficulty walking, cognitive impairment and the loss of autonomy were chosen as the clinical milestones.
Results
A total of 106 patients with a mean age of 47.21 ± 10.52 years at disease onset, a mean age of 58.72 ± 8.74 years at surgery and a mean disease duration of 11.51 ± 4.4 years before surgery were included. Initial improvement of motor symptoms was seen after the surgery with the appearance of clinical milestones over time. Using the moderately disabling criteria, 81 patients (76.41%) developed at least one clinical milestone, while 48 patients (45.28%) developed a milestone when using the severely disabling criteria.
Conclusion
STN-DBS has a limited effect on axial and nonmotor symptoms of the PD patients, in contrast to the effect on motor symptoms. These symptoms may serve as clinical milestones that can convey the status of PD patients and its impact on the patients and their caregivers. Therefore, advanced PD patients, even those treated with bilateral STN-DBS, will still require assistance and cannot live independently in the long run.

Brief communications

Automatic Measurement of Postural Abnormalities With a Pose Estimation Algorithm in Parkinson’s Disease: Jung Hwan Shin, Kyung Ah Woo, Chan Young Lee, Seung Ho Jeon, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(2):140-145. Published online January 19, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21129

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3 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
This study aims to develop an automated and objective tool to evaluate postural abnormalities in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients.
Methods
We applied a deep learning-based pose-estimation algorithm to lateral photos of prospectively enrolled PD patients (n = 28). We automatically measured the anterior flexion angle (AFA) and dropped head angle (DHA), which were validated with conventional manual labeling methods.
Results
The automatically measured DHA and AFA were in excellent agreement with manual labeling methods (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.95) with mean bias equal to or less than 3 degrees.
Conclusion
The deep learning-based pose-estimation algorithm objectively measured postural abnormalities in PD patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Three‐Dimensional Mesh Recovery from Common 2‐Dimensional Pictures for Automated Assessment of Body Posture in Camptocormia
Robin Wolke, Olga Gavriliuc, Oliver Granert, Günther Deuschl, Nils G. Margraf
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2023; 10(3): 472. CrossRef
Assessment of Axial Postural Abnormalities in Parkinsonism: Automatic Picture Analysis Software
Carlo Alberto Artusi, Christian Geroin, Gabriele Imbalzano, Serena Camozzi, Stefano Aldegheri, Leonardo Lopiano, Michele Tinazzi, Nicola Bombieri
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2023; 10(4): 636. CrossRef
Camera- and Viewpoint-Agnostic Evaluation of Axial Postural Abnormalities in People with Parkinson’s Disease through Augmented Human Pose Estimation
Stefano Aldegheri, Carlo Alberto Artusi, Serena Camozzi, Roberto Di Marco, Christian Geroin, Gabriele Imbalzano, Leonardo Lopiano, Michele Tinazzi, Nicola Bombieri
Sensors.2023; 23(6): 3193. CrossRef

Investigation of Nocturnal Hypokinesia and Health-Related Quality of Life in Parkinsonian Patients with the Korean Version of the Nocturnal Hypokinesia Questionnaire: Ji-Hyun Choi, Jee-Young Lee, Chaewon Shin, Dallah Yoo, Jin Hee Im, Kyung Ah Woo, Han-Joon Kim, Tae-Beom Ahn, Jong-Min Kim, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):221-225. Published online May 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20172

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
To assess nocturnal hypokinesia using the Korean version of the Nocturnal Hypokinesia Questionnaire (NHQ-K) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients across disease stages.
Methods
We developed the NHQ-K and performed questionnaire-based interviews with 108 PD patients from three referral hospitals. Clinical associations of nocturnal hypokinesia and its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were also analyzed.
Results
The NHQ-K showed acceptable internal consistency (0.83) and interrater reliability (0.95). Nocturnal hypokinesia significantly affected HRQoL in PD patients at both the early and advanced stages (adjusted p < 0.001). Increased severity of nocturnal hypokinesia was associated with dyskinesias, off-period disability, apathy, and anxious mood in PD patients (adjusted p < 0.01) after controlling for disease severity and medication dose.
Conclusion
The NHQ-K is useful for screening nocturnal hypokinesia in PD patients. Given the high impact of nocturnal hypokinesia on HRQoL, comprehensive management of nocturnal disability is needed for PD patients.

Citations

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Technological evaluation of strategies to get out of bed by people with Parkinson's disease: Insights from multisite wearable sensors
Jirada Sringean, Chusak Thanawattano, Roongroj Bhidayasiri
Frontiers in Medical Technology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Case Report

Young-Onset Parkinson’s Disease with Impulse Control Disorder Due to Novel Variants of F-Box Only Protein 7: Dallah Yoo, Ji-Hyun Choi, Jin-Hee Im, Man Jin Kim, Han-Joon Kim, Sung Sup Park, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2020;13(3):225-228. Published online September 9, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20026

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Abstract PDF

F-box only protein 7 (FBXO7) is a rare monogenic cause of hereditary Parkinson’s disease (PD) with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Here, we report a de novo PD patient with onset at the age of 28 with novel compound heterozygous variants in the FBXO7 gene (c.1162C>T, p.Gln388X; c.80G>A, p.Arg27His). The clinical features of the patient were problematic impulse control disorder behaviors and pyromania, and pyramidal signs were negative. We describe the novel pathogenic variants of the FBXO7 gene with detailed clinical pictures to report the expanding genotypes and phenotypes of FBXO7-associated parkinsonism.

Citations

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Nearly Abolished Dopamine Transporter Uptake in a Patient With a Novel FBXO7 Mutation
Eun Young Kim, Seon Young Kim, Youngduk Seo, Chaewon Shin
Journal of Movement Disorders.2022; 15(3): 269. CrossRef

Letters to the editor

A Rare Case of Late Adult-Onset Niemann-Pick Disease Type C: Ryul Kim, Dallah Yoo, Sangmin Park, Jung Hwan Shin, Ji-Hyun Choi, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2020;13(2):163-165. Published online March 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.19077

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2 Citations

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Citations

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Genetic and phenotypic variability in adult patients with Niemann Pick type C from Serbia: single-center experience
Nikola Kresojević, Valerija Dobričić, Milica Ječmenica Lukić, Aleksandra Tomić, Igor Petrović, Nataša Dragašević, Ivana Perović, Ana Marjanović, Marija Branković, Milena Janković, Ivana Novaković, Marina Svetel, Vladimir S. Kostić
Journal of Neurology.2022; 269(6): 3167. CrossRef
Two Patients with Niemann Pick Disease Type C Diagnosed in the Seventh Decade of Life
Melanie Wu, Rita Ceponiene, Ece Bayram, Irene Litvan
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2020; 7(8): 961. CrossRef

Brainstem-Predominant Lewy-Related Pathology in a Patient with Parkinson’s Disease without Dementia: Ji-Hyun Choi, Sung-Hye Park, Sung Sup Park, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2020;13(1):74-76. Published online December 19, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.19059

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2 Citations

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Citations

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Morphological differences between the two major subtypes of multiple system atrophy with cognitive impairment
Kurt A. Jellinger
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2023; 107: 105273. CrossRef
Neuropathological findings in multiple system atrophy with cognitive impairment
Kurt A. Jellinger
Journal of Neural Transmission.2020; 127(7): 1031. CrossRef

Review Article

Immunotherapy Targeting Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies: α-Synucleinopathies and Tauopathies: Junghwan Shin, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2020;13(1):11-19. Published online December 19, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.19057

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17 Citations

Abstract PDF

α-Synuclein and tau deposition in the central nervous system is responsible for various parkinsonian syndromes, including Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, dementia with Lewy bodies, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. Emerging evidence has suggested that pathologic α-synuclein and tau are transmitted from cell to cell and further accelerate the aggregation of pathologic proteins in neighboring cells. Furthermore, extracellular pathologic proteins have also been reported to provoke inflammatory responses that lead to neurodegeneration. Therefore, immunotherapies targeting extracellular α-synuclein and tau have been proposed as potential disease-modifying strategies. In this review, we summarize completed phase I trials and ongoing phase II trials of immunotherapies against α-synuclein and tau and further discuss concerns and hurdles to overcome in the future.

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Letter to the editor

Successful Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation in a Patient with Childhood-Onset Generalized Dystonia with ANO3 Mutation: Dallah Yoo, Han-Joon Kim, Jong-Hee Chae, Sun Ha Paek, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2019;12(3):190-191. Published online July 17, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.19016

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Citations

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A novel ANO3 variant in two siblings with different phenotypes
Marcello Esposito, Assunta Trinchillo, Francesca Piceci-Sparascio, Maria Cecilia D'Asdia, Federica Consoli, Alessandro De Luca
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Deep Brain Stimulation in Dystonia: Disentangling Heterogeneity
Alberto Albanese
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2021; 8(1): 6. CrossRef
Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation for Monogenic Dystonia: The Effect of Gene on Outcome
Stephen Tisch, Kishore Raj Kumar
Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The expanding clinical and genetic spectrum of ANO3 dystonia
Li-Ting Jiang, Li-Xi Li, Ying Liu, Xiao-Long Zhang, You-Gui Pan, Lin Wang, Xin-Hua Wan, Ling-Jing Jin
Neuroscience Letters.2021; 746: 135590. CrossRef
Huntington disease-like phenotype in a patient with ANO3 mutation
Shahedah Koya Kutty, Eoin Mulroy, Francesca Magrinelli, Giulia Di Lazzaro, Anna Latorre, Kailash P. Bhatia
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2021; 90: 120. CrossRef
Arching deep brain stimulation in dystonia types
Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon
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Original Article

Nonmotor and Dopamine Transporter Change in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder by Olfactory Impairment: Jee-Young Lee, Eun Jin Yoon, Yu Kyeong Kim, Chae Won Shin, Hyunwoo Nam, Jae Min Jeong, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2019;12(2):103-112. Published online May 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.18061

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
It is unclear whether the decline in dopamine transporters (DAT) differs among idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) patients with different levels of olfactory impairment. This study aimed to characterize DAT changes in relation to nonmotor features in iRBD patients by olfactory loss.
Methods
This prospective cohort study consisted of three age-matched groups: 30 polysomnography-confirmed iRBD patients, 30 drug-naïve Parkinson’s disease patients, and 19 healthy controls without olfactory impairment. The iRBD group was divided into two groups based on olfactory testing results. Participants were evaluated for reported prodromal markers and then underwent 18F-FP-CIT positron emission tomography and 3T MRI. Tracer uptakes were analyzed in the caudate, anterior and posterior putamen, substantia nigra, and raphe nuclei.
Results
Olfactory impairment was defined in 38.5% of iRBD patients. Mild parkinsonian signs and cognitive functions were not different between the two iRBD subgroups; however, additional prodromal features, constipation, and urinary and sexual dysfunctions were found in iRBD patients with olfactory impairment but not in those without. Tracer uptake showed significant group differences in all brain regions, except the raphe nuclei. The iRBD patients with olfactory impairment had uptake reductions in the anterior and posterior putamen, caudate, and substantia nigra (p < 0.016 in all, adjusted for age), which ranged from 0.6 to 0.8 of age-normative values. In contrast, those without olfactory impairment had insignificant changes in all regions ranging above 0.8.
Conclusion
There was a clear distinction in DAT loss and nonmotor profiles by olfactory status in iRBD.

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Neuropsychological Changes in Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Studies
Caterina Leitner, Giada D’Este, Laura Verga, Shady Rahayel, Samantha Mombelli, Marco Sforza, Francesca Casoni, Marco Zucconi, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, Andrea Galbiati
Neuropsychology Review.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Validation of the REM behaviour disorder phenoconversion-related pattern in an independent cohort
Beatrice Orso, Pietro Mattioli, Eun-Jin Yoon, Yu Kyeong Kim, Heejung Kim, Jung Hwan Shin, Ryul Kim, Claudio Liguori, Francesco Famà, Andrea Donniaquio, Federico Massa, David Vállez García, Sanne K. Meles, Klaus L. Leenders, Agostino Chiaravalloti, Matteo
Neurological Sciences.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Neurofilament light chain and cardiac MIBG uptake as predictors for phenoconversion in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder
Don Gueu Park, Ju Yeong Kim, Min Seung Kim, Mi Hee Kim, Young-Sil An, Jaerak Chang, Jung Han Yoon
Journal of Neurology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Longitudinal evolution of cortical thickness signature reflecting Lewy body dementia in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder: a prospective cohort study
Jung Hwan Shin, Heejung Kim, Yu Kyeong Kim, Eun Jin Yoon, Hyunwoo Nam, Beomseok Jeon, Jee-Young Lee
Translational Neurodegeneration.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Altered cerebral perfusion and microstructure in advanced Parkinson’s disease and their associations with clinical features
Zhaoxi Liu, Yiwei Zhang, Han Wang, Dan Xu, Hui You, Zhentao Zuo, Feng Feng
Neurological Research.2022; 44(1): 47. CrossRef
Brain Neuroimaging of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Rafail Matzaras, Kuangyu Shi, Artemios Artemiadis, Panagiotis Zis, Georgios Hadjigeorgiou, Axel Rominger, Claudio L.A. Bassetti, Panagiotis Bargiotas
Journal of Parkinson's Disease.2022; 12(1): 69. CrossRef
Odor Identification by Parkinson’s Disease Patients Tested by Using Sniffin’ Sticks versus Natural Spices
Florence Baert, Geertrui Vlaemynck, Jarissa Maselyne, Christophe Matthys, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad
Parkinson's Disease.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Brain Metabolic Correlates of Dopaminergic Denervation in Prodromal and Early Parkinson's Disease
Ryul Kim, Heejung Kim, Yu Kyeong Kim, Eun Jin Yoon, Hyun Woo Nam, Beomseok Jeon, Jee‐Young Lee
Movement Disorders.2022; 37(10): 2099. CrossRef
Longitudinal Changes in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder‐Related Metabolic Pattern Expression
Ryul Kim, Jee‐Young Lee, Yu Kyeong Kim, Heejung Kim, Eun Jin Yoon, Jung Hwan Shin, Dallah Yoo, Hyunwoo Nam, Beomseok Jeon
Movement Disorders.2021; 36(8): 1889. CrossRef
Parkinson Disease-Related Brain Metabolic Patterns and Neurodegeneration in Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Jung Hwan Shin, Jee-Young Lee, Yu-Kyeong Kim, Eun Jin Yoon, Heejung Kim, Hyunwoo Nam, Beomseok Jeon
Neurology.2021; 97(4): e378. CrossRef
Retina Thickness as a Marker of Neurodegeneration in Prodromal Lewy Body Disease
Jee‐Young Lee, Jeeyun Ahn, Sohee Oh, Joo Young Shin, Yu Kyeong Kim, Hyunwoo Nam, Beomseok Jeon
Movement Disorders.2020; 35(2): 349. CrossRef
Serum TNF-α and neurodegeneration in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder
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Jung Hwan Shin, Jee-Young Lee, Yu-Kyeong Kim, Sung-A Shin, Heejung Kim, Hyunwoo Nam, Beomseok Jeon
Neurology.2020; 95(23): e3081. CrossRef

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