Clonus is the rhythmic muscle contraction which usually occurs in patients with lesions involving descending motor pathways. Sometimes, rhythmic oscillation of action induced clonus could be confused to action tremor. We report a case of action induced clonus associated with cervical schwannoma which was misdiagnosed as essential tremor. The patient had spasticity in all limbs with exaggerated tendon reflexes, and passive stretch-induced clonus. Imaging and histological examinations revealed a schwannoma extending from C2 to C7. The lesion was partially removed by surgery. Even though essential tremor is a common disease, clinician have to do sufficient neurologic examination considering differential diagnosis.

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• Wrist clonus mimicking as action-induced tremors: an important clinical lesson
  Bhawna Sharma, Raghavendra Bakki Sannegowda, Kadam Nagpal, Rahul Jain
  BMJ Case Reports.2012; : bcr2012006804.     CrossRef

Hemichorea-hemiballism (HC-HB) is a complication of non-ketotic hyperglycemia (NKH); in NKH patients, the frequency of occurrence of HC-HB is greater than that of bilateral chorea. We report the case of a hyperglycemic patient who showed chorea in both the lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed high signal intensity on T1-weighted images of the bilateral dorsolateral putamen. The abnormal involuntary movements disappeared after oral administration of haloperidol. Our case report that chorea associated with NKH is correlated with the topography of the basal ganglia.

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• Mechanistic insights into the role of serum-glucocorticoid kinase 1 in diabetic nephropathy: A systematic review
  Saba Noor, Taj Mohammad, Gulam M. Ashraf, Joviana Farhat, Anwar L. Bilgrami, Mathew Suji Eapen, Sukhwinder Singh Sohal, Dharmendra Kumar Yadav, Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
  International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2021; 193: 562.     CrossRef
• “Diabetic striatopathy”: clinical presentations, controversy, pathogenesis, treatments, and outcomes
  Choon-Bing Chua, Cheuk-Kwan Sun, Chih-Wei Hsu, Yi-Cheng Tai, Chih-Yu Liang, I-Ting Tsai
  Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• T2*-based MR imaging of hyperglycemia-induced hemichorea-hemiballism
  Fang Yu, Andrew Steven, Lee Birnbaum, Wilson Altmeyer
  Journal of Neuroradiology.2017; 44(1): 24.     CrossRef
• Acute chorea in the diabetic nonketotic hyperosmolar state
  Aaron de Souza, C. Shyam Babu, Paresh K. Desai
  Basal Ganglia.2013; 3(2): 85.     CrossRef

Neurological complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are relatively common, but chorea as the initial manifestation of SLE unmasked by exogenous estrogen is very rare. A-46-year old right handed woman presented with generalized chorea since 2 weeks ago. Her medical records revealed that the chorea had appeared within one month after estrogen medication. The laboratory test revealed positive antinuclear antibody (ANA), positive anti-dsDNA and positive anti-histone antibody. After discontinuation of estrogen, her choreic movement was not diminished. We report a case of newly diagnosed SLE attribute to chorea which triggered by estrogen.