KMDS
E-submission
Search
- Page Path
- HOME > Search
Review Article
- Digital Technology for Sleep Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease: A Scoping Review
- Kye Won Park, Ki-Young Jung, Han-Joon Kim, Jung Hwan Shin
- J Mov Disord. 2026;19(2):119-134. Published online April 14, 2026
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.26098
- 1,276 View
- 52 Download
-
Abstract
PDF
Supplementary Material - Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent and clinically significant nonmotor features of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although in-laboratory polysomnography remains the gold standard method for investigating these disturbances, its limited scalability and ecological validity constrain longitudinal and real-world assessments. Recent advances in digital health technologies have introduced a broad spectrum of portable, wearable, and contactless tools for sleep monitoring. In this scoping review, we systematically map the landscape of digital sleep technologies in PD by using a tiered framework based on technical maturity and clinical validation (Tiers 1–4); moreover, we further classify them by signal modality and sleep symptom domain. Through a systematic review of the literature, we identified 19 studies (Tiers 2–4) that applied digital biomarkers to assess sleep disturbances in PD, including REM sleep behavior disorder, nocturnal immobility, insomnia, circadian rhythm disturbances, excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep-related respiratory and movement disorders. We additionally contextualize these findings against the rapid expansion of multimodal and AI-driven Tier 3–4 platforms in the general population. Despite this technological progress, a major translational gap persists in PD, which is characterized by limited disease-specific validation, small cohort sizes, and insufficient multimodal benchmarking. Multimodal systems leveraging machine learning offer a promising direction by enabling the more precise characterization of complex and overlapping sleep phenotypes. Emerging contactless systems further expand the potential for continuous, low-burden monitoring, although their clinical validity remains to be established. Future development of digital sleep biomarkers in PD will require prospective validation against established standards and the integration of multimodal data to enable scalable, longitudinal phenotyping and clinical trial applications.
Letter to the editor
- Patient-Perceived Response to Medical Treatment for Hemifacial Spasm
- Su Hyeon Ha, Seoyeon Kim, Seungmin Lee, Bora Jin, Kyung Ah Woo, Jung Hwan Shin, Han-Joon Kim
- J Mov Disord. 2026;19(1):114-116. Published online October 28, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.25248
- 880 View
- 34 Download
Brief communication
- Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters During Turning and Imbalance in Parkinson’s Disease: Video-Based Analysis From a Single Camera
- HoYoung Jeon, Jung Hwan Shin, Ri Yu, Min Kyung Kang, Seungmin Lee, Seoyeon Kim, Bora Jin, Kyung Ah Woo, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon
- J Mov Disord. 2025;18(1):87-92. Published online December 23, 2024
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24210
- 4,451 View
- 140 Download
- 2 Web of Science
- 3 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDFSupplementary Material
- Objective
This study aims to objectively evaluate turning gait parameters in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients using 2D-RGB video-based analysis and explore their relationships with imbalance.
Methods
We prospectively enrolled PD patients for clinical assessment, balance analysis and gait with 180º turning. Spatiotemporal gait parameters during turning were derived using video-based analysis and correlated with modified Hoehn and Yahr (mHY) stages and center of pressure (COP) oscillations.
Results
A total of 64 PD patients were enrolled. The PD patients with higher mHY stages (≥2.5) had significantly longer turning times, greater numbers of steps, wider step bases and less variability in step length during turns. COP oscillations were positively correlated with the mean turning time on both the anterior-posterior and right-left axes.
Conclusion
Spatiotemporal gait parameter during turning, derived from video-based gait analysis, may represent apromising biomarker for monitoring postural instability in PD patients. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Uncovering the Kinematic Signature of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Through Wearable Inertial Sensors
Francesco Castelli Gattinara Di Zubiena, Alessandro Zampogna, Martina Patera, Giovanni Cusolito, Ludovica Apa, Ilaria Mileti, Antonio Cannuli, Antonio Suppa, Marco Paoloni, Zaccaria Del Prete, Eduardo Palermo
Sensors.2025; 25(16): 5054. CrossRef - Gait Patterns and Balance Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease With Correlation to Disease Severity
Danyeong Kim, Da-Eun Jeong, Hyunkyung Yi, Min Ju Kang
Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders.2025; 24(4): 259. CrossRef - Clinical and neuroimaging correlates of disease related gait patterns in patients with multiple system atrophy cerebellar type
Seungmin Lee, Minchul Kim, Kyu Sung Choi, Chanhee Jeong, Ri Yu, Jee-Young Lee, Jung Hwan Shin, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
- Uncovering the Kinematic Signature of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Through Wearable Inertial Sensors
Erratum
- Evidence-Based Review on Symptomatic Management of Huntington’s Disease
- Jung Hwan Shin, Hui-Jun Yang, Jong Hyun Ahn, Sungyang Jo, Seok Jong Chung, Jee-Young Lee, Hyun Sook Kim, Manho Kim
- J Mov Disord. 2025;18(1):111-111. Published online December 2, 2024
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24140e
- Corrects: J Mov Disord 2024;17(4):369
- 4,155 View
- 127 Download
Review Article
- Evidence-Based Review on Symptomatic Management of Huntington’s Disease
- Jung Hwan Shin, Hui-Jun Yang, Jong Hyun Ahn, Sungyang Jo, Seok Jong Chung, Jee-Young Lee, Hyun Sook Kim, Manho Kim
- J Mov Disord. 2024;17(4):369-386. Published online August 9, 2024
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24140
- Correction in: J Mov Disord 2025;18(1):111
-
Abstract
PDFSupplementary Material
- Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, behavioral, and cognitive impairments and significant impacts on patient quality of life. This evidence-based review, conducted by the Korean Huntington Disease Society task force, systematically examines current pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for symptomatic management of HD. Following PRISMA guidelines, databases were searched for studies up to August 2022 that focused on 23 symptoms across four domains: motor, neuropsychological, cognition, and others. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic approach to the management of HD, highlighting the need for more high-quality clinical trials to develop robust evidence-based guidelines.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- A review of treatment methods for movement disorders
Mahdi Khezri, Shakiba Afsar
Behavioural Brain Research.2026; 500: 115979. CrossRef - Revisiting an immunoneuropsychiatry classic: Sydenham’s chorea
Antonio L. Teixeira, Debora P. Maia, Maria Carmo Pereira Nunes, Gabriel A. de Erausquin, Cristian P. Zeni, Aline S. Miranda
Expert Review of Clinical Immunology.2026; 22(3): 263. CrossRef - A Practical Guide for Diagnostic Investigations and Special Considerations in Patients With Huntington’s Disease in Korea
Jangsup Moon, Eungseok Oh, Minkyeong Kim, Ryul Kim, Dallah Yoo, Chaewon Shin, Jee-Young Lee, Jong-Min Kim, Seong-Beom Koh, Manho Kim, Beomseok Jeon
Journal of Movement Disorders.2025; 18(1): 17. CrossRef - Psychosis in Huntington's disease: A systematic review of case reports
Aliu Opeyemi Yakubu, Oluwakemi Eunice Olalude, Olorungbami Kolade Anifalaje, Moses Gregory Effiong, Francess Oluwaferanmi Adeyemi, Maryam Abubakar
General Hospital Psychiatry.2025; 97: 82. CrossRef
- A review of treatment methods for movement disorders
Letters to the editor
- Investigation of the Long-Term Effects of Amantadine Use in Parkinson’s Disease
- Sangmin Park, Jung Hwan Shin, Seung Ho Jeon, Chan Young Lee, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon
- J Mov Disord. 2023;16(2):224-226. Published online May 24, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.23037
- 9,383 View
- 144 Download
- 5 Web of Science
- 6 Crossref
-
PDFSupplementary Material
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- A review of treatment methods for movement disorders
Mahdi Khezri, Shakiba Afsar
Behavioural Brain Research.2026; 500: 115979. CrossRef - Amantadine: a first option for symptomatic relief in young-onset Parkinson's disease?
Hyeyoung Park, Bastiaan R. Bloem, Beomseok Jeon
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2026; 144: 108215. CrossRef - Altered Mental Status Due to Amantadine Withdrawal: A Case Report
Nicole J. Asal, Elisa Piraino, Cristina Hamacher, Husam Abu Nejim
Reports.2026; 9(1): 85. CrossRef - Les troubles du comportement dans la maladie de Parkinson : de la physiopathologie à la prise en charge
M.S. Bouchetara, A. Chentouf
Pratique Neurologique - FMC.2026; 17(2): 103. CrossRef - Approaches for treating cardiovascular symptoms in Parkinson’s disease
Wolfgang H. Jost, Jiri Koschel
Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - The Effect of Dopaminergic Therapies in Parkinson’s Disease on Non-Motor Symptoms
Monika Jampolska, Katarzyna Kaczyńska
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(24): 11996. CrossRef
- A review of treatment methods for movement disorders
- Absence of Alpha-Synuclein Pathology in the Stomach of a Patient With Prodromal Dementia With Lewy Bodies
- Chaewon Shin, Seong-Ik Kim, Sung-Hye Park, Jung Hwan Shin, Chan Young Lee, Han-Joon Kim, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Seong-Ho Kong, Yun-Suhk Suh, Han-Kwang Yang, Beomseok Jeon
- J Mov Disord. 2023;16(2):213-216. Published online April 26, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22219
- 2,900 View
- 78 Download
Brief communication
- Sensitivity of Detecting Alpha-Synuclein Accumulation in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Tissue Volume Examined
- Chaewon Shin, Seong-Ik Kim, Sung-Hye Park, Jung Hwan Shin, Chan Young Lee, Han-Kwang Yang, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Seong-Ho Kong, Yun-Suhk Suh, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon
- J Mov Disord. 2022;15(3):264-268. Published online July 26, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22042
- 6,217 View
- 126 Download
- 3 Web of Science
- 3 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDFSupplementary Material
- Objective
This study aimed to evaluate whether a larger tissue volume increases the sensitivity of detecting alpha-synuclein (AS) pathology in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Methods
Nine patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) or idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep disorder (iRBD) who underwent GI operation and had full-depth intestinal blocks were included. All patients were selected from our previous study population. A total of 10 slides (5 serial sections from the proximal and distal blocks) per patient were analyzed.
Results
In previous studies, pathologic evaluation revealed phosphorylated AS (+) in 5/9 patients (55.6%) and in 1/5 controls (20.0%); in this extensive examination, this increased to 8/9 patients (88.9%) but remained the same in controls (20.0%). The severity and distribution of positive findings were similar between patients with iRBD and PD.
Conclusion
Examining a large tissue volume increased the sensitivity of detecting AS accumulation in the GI tract. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Gut-initiated alpha synuclein fibrils drive parkinsonism phenotypes: temporal mapping of REM sleep behavior disorder-like and other non-motor symptoms
Daniel Dautan, Wojciech Paslawski, Sergio G. Montejo, Daniel C. Doyon, Valentina I. Brioschi, Roberta Marongiu, Michael G. Kaplitt, Rong Chen, Valina L. Dawson, Xiaoqun Zhang, Ted M. Dawson, Per Svenningsson
Translational Neurodegeneration.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Tracking prodromal Parkinson’s disease: a five-year follow-up of the PARCAS cohort
Kristina Kulcsarova, Petronela Christova, Martina Bekeova, Sona Muranska, Sona Mrazova, Zuzana Mrazova, Barbora Zecova, Filip Faglic, Simona Suvakova, Norbert Lesko, Laura Gombosova, Zuzana Gdovinova, Matej Skorvanek
Frontiers in Neurology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Symmetric and Profound Monoaminergic Degeneration in Parkinson’s Disease with Premotor REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Kyung Ah Woo, Han-Joon Kim, Jung Hwan Shin, Kangyoung Cho, Hongyoon Choi, Beomseok Jeon
Journal of Parkinson’s Disease.2024; 14(4): 823. CrossRef
- Gut-initiated alpha synuclein fibrils drive parkinsonism phenotypes: temporal mapping of REM sleep behavior disorder-like and other non-motor symptoms
Original Article
- Development of Clinical Milestones in Parkinson’s Disease After Bilateral Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation
- Jed Noel A. Ong, Jung Hwan Shin, Seungho Jeon, Chan Young Lee, Han-Joon Kim, Sun Ha Paek, Beomseok Jeon
- J Mov Disord. 2022;15(2):124-131. Published online May 26, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21106
- 6,008 View
- 177 Download
- 2 Web of Science
- 2 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDFSupplementary Material
- Objective
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients does not halt disease progression, as these patients will progress and develop disabling non-levodopa responsive symptoms. These features may act as milestones that represent the overall functionality of patients after DBS. The objective of this study was to investigate the development of clinical milestones in advanced PD patients who underwent bilateral STN-DBS.
Methods
The study evaluated PD patients who underwent STN-DBS at baseline up to their last follow-up using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Hoehn and Yahr scale. The symptoms of hallucinations, dysarthria, dysphagia, frequent falls, difficulty walking, cognitive impairment and the loss of autonomy were chosen as the clinical milestones.
Results
A total of 106 patients with a mean age of 47.21 ± 10.52 years at disease onset, a mean age of 58.72 ± 8.74 years at surgery and a mean disease duration of 11.51 ± 4.4 years before surgery were included. Initial improvement of motor symptoms was seen after the surgery with the appearance of clinical milestones over time. Using the moderately disabling criteria, 81 patients (76.41%) developed at least one clinical milestone, while 48 patients (45.28%) developed a milestone when using the severely disabling criteria.
Conclusion
STN-DBS has a limited effect on axial and nonmotor symptoms of the PD patients, in contrast to the effect on motor symptoms. These symptoms may serve as clinical milestones that can convey the status of PD patients and its impact on the patients and their caregivers. Therefore, advanced PD patients, even those treated with bilateral STN-DBS, will still require assistance and cannot live independently in the long run. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Survival after Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease: 25‐Year Experience from a Single Center
Sayooja Sachithanandan, Athul Sreelatha Sanjeev, Jissa Vinoda Thulaseedharan, Krishnakumar Kesavapisharady, Divya Kalikavil Puthanveedu, Asish Vijayaraghavan, Gangadhara Sarma, Syam Krishnan, Asha Kishore
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2026; 13(3): 723. CrossRef - Unveiling the Impact of Outpatient Physiotherapy on Specific Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study
Yuta Terasawa, Koki Ikuno, Shintaro Fujii, Yuki Nishi, Emi Tanizawa, Sachio Nabeshima, Yohei Okada
Brain & Neurorehabilitation.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
- Survival after Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease: 25‐Year Experience from a Single Center
Brief communication
- Automatic Measurement of Postural Abnormalities With a Pose Estimation Algorithm in Parkinson’s Disease
- Jung Hwan Shin, Kyung Ah Woo, Chan Young Lee, Seung Ho Jeon, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon
- J Mov Disord. 2022;15(2):140-145. Published online January 19, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21129
- 7,036 View
- 290 Download
- 13 Web of Science
- 12 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDFSupplementary Material
- Objective
This study aims to develop an automated and objective tool to evaluate postural abnormalities in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients.
Methods
We applied a deep learning-based pose-estimation algorithm to lateral photos of prospectively enrolled PD patients (n = 28). We automatically measured the anterior flexion angle (AFA) and dropped head angle (DHA), which were validated with conventional manual labeling methods.
Results
The automatically measured DHA and AFA were in excellent agreement with manual labeling methods (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.95) with mean bias equal to or less than 3 degrees.
Conclusion
The deep learning-based pose-estimation algorithm objectively measured postural abnormalities in PD patients. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- A novel multimodal AI framework for early diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
Efe Yılmaz Taşyürek, Şaban Murat Altun, Ata Emir Uncu, Sefa Tunca, Sevinç İlhan Omurca, Meltem Kurt Pehlivanoğlu, Aybala Neslihan Alagöz, Oğulcan Kalkan
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.2026; 64(5): 1689. CrossRef - Validating Single-Camera Pose Estimation Against Multi-Camera Motion Capture for Accessible Biomechanical Assessment
Aniket Pratapneni, Ryan Halvorson, Pavlos Silvestros, Nicholas Harris, Jeannie F. Bailey
IEEE Access.2026; 14: 66264. CrossRef - Research Progress of Camptocormia in Parkinson Disease
Yilin Lu, Xiang Zhang, Junyu Li, Weishi Li, Miao Yu
Clinical Spine Surgery.2025; 38(2): 39. CrossRef - Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters During Turning and Imbalance in Parkinson’s Disease: Video-Based Analysis From a Single Camera
HoYoung Jeon, Jung Hwan Shin, Ri Yu, Min Kyung Kang, Seungmin Lee, Seoyeon Kim, Bora Jin, Kyung Ah Woo, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon
Journal of Movement Disorders.2025; 18(1): 87. CrossRef - Waveform‐Based Analysis of Head Tremor Using a Marker‐Less Tracking Algorithm with 2D‐Video: Evaluation of Sinusoidality and Rhythmicity
Jung Hwan Shin, Seungmin Lee, Kyung Ah Woo, Hyder A. Jinnah, Aasef Shaikh, Mark Hallett, Sanjay Pandey, Rick C. Helmich, Marie Vidailhet, Victor Fung, Alfonso Fasano, Han‐Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon
Movement Disorders.2025; 40(11): 2344. CrossRef - Camptocormia in Parkinson’s disease: state of the art and future directions
Valeria Sajin, Mark Goodall, Antonella Macerollo
Journal of Neurology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - AI Video Analysis in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review of the Most Accurate Computer Vision Tools for Diagnosis, Symptom Monitoring, and Therapy Management
Lazzaro di Biase, Pasquale Maria Pecoraro, Francesco Bugamelli
Sensors.2025; 25(20): 6373. CrossRef - RecovGait: Occluded Parkinson’s Disease Gait Reconstruction Using Unscented Tracking with Gated Initialization Technique
Chiau Wen Yeong, Tee Connie, Thian Song Ong, Nor Izzati Saedon, Ahmad Al-Khatib, Mahmoud Farfoura
Sensors.2025; 25(22): 7100. CrossRef - Botulinum Toxin for Axial Postural Abnormalities in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Marialuisa Gandolfi, Carlo Alberto Artusi, Gabriele Imbalzano, Serena Camozzi, Mauro Crestani, Leonardo Lopiano, Michele Tinazzi, Christian Geroin
Toxins.2024; 16(5): 228. CrossRef - Three‐Dimensional Mesh Recovery from Common 2‐Dimensional Pictures for Automated Assessment of Body Posture in Camptocormia
Robin Wolke, Olga Gavriliuc, Oliver Granert, Günther Deuschl, Nils G. Margraf
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2023; 10(3): 472. CrossRef - Assessment of Axial Postural Abnormalities in Parkinsonism: Automatic Picture Analysis Software
Carlo Alberto Artusi, Christian Geroin, Gabriele Imbalzano, Serena Camozzi, Stefano Aldegheri, Leonardo Lopiano, Michele Tinazzi, Nicola Bombieri
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2023; 10(4): 636. CrossRef - Camera- and Viewpoint-Agnostic Evaluation of Axial Postural Abnormalities in People with Parkinson’s Disease through Augmented Human Pose Estimation
Stefano Aldegheri, Carlo Alberto Artusi, Serena Camozzi, Roberto Di Marco, Christian Geroin, Gabriele Imbalzano, Leonardo Lopiano, Michele Tinazzi, Nicola Bombieri
Sensors.2023; 23(6): 3193. CrossRef
- A novel multimodal AI framework for early diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
Letter to the editor
- A Rare Case of Late Adult-Onset Niemann-Pick Disease Type C
- Ryul Kim, Dallah Yoo, Sangmin Park, Jung Hwan Shin, Ji-Hyun Choi, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon
- J Mov Disord. 2020;13(2):163-165. Published online March 18, 2020
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.19077
- 11,932 View
- 253 Download
- 5 Web of Science
- 5 Crossref
-
PDFSupplementary Material
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Niemann Pick Type C Presenting as Familial Late‐Onset Richardson Syndrome. A Case Series of Four Siblings
Vasilios C. Constantinides, Christos Koros, Andreas Kyrozis, Eftychia Papathanasiou, Christos Manginas, Georgios Armenis, Faidra Kalligerou, Argyro Daskalaki, Chrysoula Koniari, Nikolaos Ragazos, Zoi Kontogeorgiou, Chrisoula Kartanou, Emmanouela Linardaki
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Adult-onset Niemann–Pick disease type C: A diagnostic and therapeutic odyssey of a rare condition
Zeynep Ünlütürk, Eylem Teke
Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice.2025; 16: 644. CrossRef - Lysosomal storage disorders identified in adult population from India: Experience of a tertiary genetic centre and review of literature
Jayesh Sheth, Aadhira Nair, Riddhi Bhavsar, Koumudi Godbole, Chaitanya Datar, Sheela Nampoothiri, Inusha Panigrahi, Heli Shah, Shruti Bajaj, Naresh Tayade, Naveen Bhardwaj, Harsh Sheth
JIMD Reports.2024; 65(2): 85. CrossRef - Genetic and phenotypic variability in adult patients with Niemann Pick type C from Serbia: single-center experience
Nikola Kresojević, Valerija Dobričić, Milica Ječmenica Lukić, Aleksandra Tomić, Igor Petrović, Nataša Dragašević, Ivana Perović, Ana Marjanović, Marija Branković, Milena Janković, Ivana Novaković, Marina Svetel, Vladimir S. Kostić
Journal of Neurology.2022; 269(6): 3167. CrossRef - Two Patients with Niemann Pick Disease Type C Diagnosed in the Seventh Decade of Life
Melanie Wu, Rita Ceponiene, Ece Bayram, Irene Litvan
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2020; 7(8): 961. CrossRef
- Niemann Pick Type C Presenting as Familial Late‐Onset Richardson Syndrome. A Case Series of Four Siblings
First
Prev
