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Original Article
- Effect of positional change on cerebral perfusion in Parkinson’s disease with orthostatic hypotension
- Jae Young Joo, Dallah Yoo, Jae-Myoung Kim, Chaewon Shin, Tae-Beom Ahn
- Received May 1, 2024 Accepted September 7, 2024 Published online September 9, 2024
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24104 [Accepted]
- 299 View
- 26 Download
- 1 Comments
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Abstract
PDF - Objective
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is one of the most common autonomic dysfunctions in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. However, many patients with OH are asymptomatic. Conversely, orthostatic dizziness (OD) is not always associated with OH. We investigated the effect of positional changes on cerebral perfusion in patients with PD and OH.
Methods
We enrolled 43 patients, of whom 31 were PD patients and 11 were healthy controls (HC). All subjects underwent the following clinical assessments: OH Questionnaire, head-up tilt test (HUTT) with transcranial Doppler (TCD), near-infrared spectroscopy, measurement of the change in oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ Hboxy) during the squat-to-stand test (SST), measurement of the time derivative of total hemoglobin (DHbtot), and time taken to reach the peak (peak time, PT) of DHbtot after re-standing.
Results
The mean flow velocity change (ΔMFV) in the TCD during the HUTT failed to differentiate between the PD-OH(+) and PD-OH(-) groups. The change in oxygenated hemoglobin Δ Hboxy was greater in the PD-OH(+) group, which persisted for 9 min until the end of the HUTT only in the left hemisphere. During SST, PT was significantly delayed in PD-OH (+) in the left hemisphere.
Conclusion
Although TCD demonstrated no significant difference in ΔMFV, the parameters measured by NIRS, such as Δ Hboxy during HUTT and PT during SST, showed significantly increased Δ Hboxy or delayed PT in the left hemisphere of PD-OH(+). Positional changes have a detrimental effect on cerebral hemodynamics in patients with PD and OH, especially in the left hemisphere.
Brief communication
- Evaluating the Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease–Cognition
- Jinse Park, Eungseok Oh, Seong-Beom Koh, In-Uk Song, Tae-Beom Ahn, Sang Jin Kim, Sang-Myung Cheon, Yoon-Joong Kim, Jin Whan Cho, Hyeo-Il Ma, Mee Young Park, Jong Sam Baik, Phil Hyu Lee, Sun Ju Chung, Jong-Min Kim, Han-Joon Kim, Young-Hee Sung, Do Young Kwon, Jae-Hyeok Lee, Jee-Young Lee, Ji Seon Kim, Ji Young Yun, Hee Jin Kim, Jin Yong Hong, Mi-Jung Kim, Jinyoung Youn, Hui-Jun Yang, Won Tae Yoon, Sooyeoun You, Kyum-Yil Kwon, Su-Yun Lee, Younsoo Kim, Hee-Tae Kim, Joong-Seok Kim, Ji-Young Kim
- J Mov Disord. 2024;17(3):328-332. Published online April 3, 2024
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24061
- 1,334 View
- 70 Download
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Abstract
PDF
Supplementary Material - Objective
The Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease–Cognition (SCOPA-Cog) was developed to assess cognition in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the SCOPACog (K-SCOPA-Cog).
Methods
We enrolled 129 PD patients with movement disorders from 31 clinics in South Korea. The original version of the SCOPA-Cog was translated into Korean using the translation-retranslation method. The test–retest method with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were used to assess reliability. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Korean version (MOCA-K) and the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) were used to assess concurrent validity.
Results
The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.797, and the ICC was 0.887. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation with the K-MMSE and MOCA-K scores (r = 0.546 and r = 0.683, respectively).
Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that the K-SCOPA-Cog has good reliability and validity.
Letters to the editor
- Absence of Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease Complicated by Sigmoid Volvulus
- Dallah Yoo, Jae Young Joo, Sung-Hye Park, Sun Jin Park, Tae-Beom Ahn
- J Mov Disord. 2024;17(1):118-119. Published online November 2, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.23173
- 1,355 View
- 58 Download
- 1 Web of Science
- 1 Crossref
- A Novel Variant of GCH1 in Dopa-Responsive Dystonia With Oculogyric Crises and Intrafamilial Phenotypic Heterogeneity
- Taewoo Kim, Su Hyeon Ha, Dallah Yoo, Kyung Sun Park, Tae-Beom Ahn
- J Mov Disord. 2023;16(3):339-342. Published online July 24, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.23085
- 1,378 View
- 64 Download
- Gravitational syncope induced by rising elevators in a Parkinson’s disease patient
- Sun-Woo Sohn, Dallah Yoo, Tae-Beom Ahn
- J Mov Disord. 2023;16(3):331-332. Published online June 9, 2023
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.23076
- 1,358 View
- 47 Download
- Re: Comment on “Parainfectious Anti-Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein-Associated Meningoencephalitis”
- Dallah Yoo, Tae-Beom Ahn
- J Mov Disord. 2022;15(2):189-189. Published online May 26, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22049
- 1,679 View
- 26 Download
Case Report
- Parainfectious Anti-Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein-Associated Meningoencephalitis
- Jae Young Joo, Dallah Yoo, Tae-Beom Ahn
- J Mov Disord. 2022;15(1):66-70. Published online November 25, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21115
- 4,968 View
- 296 Download
- 3 Web of Science
- 4 Crossref
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Abstract
PDFSupplementary Material
- Movement disorders associated with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) autoantibodies have rarely been reported as ataxia or tremors. A 32-year-old man with headache and fever, initially diagnosed with viral meningoencephalitis, showed gradual improvement with empirical treatment. Two weeks after the illness, he suddenly developed orofacial, tongue, and neck dyskinesia accompanied by oculomotor abnormalities, which developed into severe generalized choreoballism. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) showed signal hyperintensities in the bilateral globus pallidus interna. The clinical picture suggested an acute inflammatory trigger of secondary autoimmune encephalitis. The autoimmune antibody test was positive for GFAP, with the strongest reactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) before treatment and decreased reactivity in serial CSF examinations during immunotherapy. Dyskinesia gradually improved to the extent that it could be controlled with only oral medications. This patient presented with parainfectious GFAP meningoencephalitis with distinctive clinical features and imaging findings.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Relapsing Autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy: Case Report
Ekaterina O. Chekanova, Аlla А. Shabalina, Taras O. Simaniv, Rodion N. Konovalov, Larisa A. Dobrynina, Lyudmila A. Kalashnikova, Maria V. Gubanova, Maria N. Zakharova
Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology.2024; 17(4): 89. CrossRef - Blood-based protein biomarkers during the acute ischemic stroke treatment window: a systematic review
Jan Rahmig, Aditya Chanpura, Aaliyah Schultz, Frank C. Barone, Deborah Gustafson, Alison E. Baird
Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Comment on “Parainfectious Anti-Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein-Associated Meningoencephalitis”
Byoung June Ahn, Kyum-Yil Kwon
Journal of Movement Disorders.2022; 15(2): 187. CrossRef - Re: Comment on “Parainfectious Anti-Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein-Associated Meningoencephalitis”
Dallah Yoo, Tae-Beom Ahn
Journal of Movement Disorders.2022; 15(2): 189. CrossRef
- Relapsing Autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy: Case Report
Brief communication
- Investigation of Nocturnal Hypokinesia and Health-Related Quality of Life in Parkinsonian Patients with the Korean Version of the Nocturnal Hypokinesia Questionnaire
- Ji-Hyun Choi, Jee-Young Lee, Chaewon Shin, Dallah Yoo, Jin Hee Im, Kyung Ah Woo, Han-Joon Kim, Tae-Beom Ahn, Jong-Min Kim, Beomseok Jeon
- J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):221-225. Published online May 26, 2021
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20172
- 4,812 View
- 75 Download
- 1 Web of Science
- 1 Crossref
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Abstract
PDFSupplementary Material
- Objective
To assess nocturnal hypokinesia using the Korean version of the Nocturnal Hypokinesia Questionnaire (NHQ-K) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients across disease stages.
Methods
We developed the NHQ-K and performed questionnaire-based interviews with 108 PD patients from three referral hospitals. Clinical associations of nocturnal hypokinesia and its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were also analyzed.
Results
The NHQ-K showed acceptable internal consistency (0.83) and interrater reliability (0.95). Nocturnal hypokinesia significantly affected HRQoL in PD patients at both the early and advanced stages (adjusted p < 0.001). Increased severity of nocturnal hypokinesia was associated with dyskinesias, off-period disability, apathy, and anxious mood in PD patients (adjusted p < 0.01) after controlling for disease severity and medication dose.
Conclusion
The NHQ-K is useful for screening nocturnal hypokinesia in PD patients. Given the high impact of nocturnal hypokinesia on HRQoL, comprehensive management of nocturnal disability is needed for PD patients. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Technological evaluation of strategies to get out of bed by people with Parkinson's disease: Insights from multisite wearable sensors
Jirada Sringean, Chusak Thanawattano, Roongroj Bhidayasiri
Frontiers in Medical Technology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
- Technological evaluation of strategies to get out of bed by people with Parkinson's disease: Insights from multisite wearable sensors
Original Articles
- Patients and Their Caregivers’ Burdens for Parkinson’s Disease in Korea
- Jong Sam Baik, Joong-Seok Kim, Seong-Beom Koh, Jin Whan Cho, Phil Hyu Lee, Hyeo-Il Ma, Yun Joong Kim, Tae-Beom Ahn, Sang Jin Kim, Yong Duk Kim, Seong-min Choi, Ho-Won Lee, Hee Tae Kim
- J Mov Disord. 2017;10(3):109-115. Published online September 22, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.17053
- 7,616 View
- 233 Download
- 12 Web of Science
- 11 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
- Objective
Many patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) suffer from motor and non-motor symptoms. According to these variable symptoms of PD, patients or caregivers have a poorer quality of life than patients with other neurodegenerative diseases. Since the difficulties are varied for all patients, prioritizing their difficulties differs among all cases. The goal of this study was to investigate the burdens of PD among the caregivers as well as patients and to identify areas requiring aid from the government.
Methods
We surveyed the awareness and perceptions of PD in patients and caregivers of PD by a face-to-face questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into three sections: symptoms of PD (part A), desire for policies (part B), and difficulties faced by their caregivers (part C). Part A comprised 8 questions, Part B had 2 questions, and Part C had 3 questions.
Results
In total, 853 subjects (702 patients and 151 caregivers) were enrolled in this study. The major difficulties experienced by PD patients were physical (67%), psychiatric (60%) and socio-economic (52%). Assessing the physical difficulties, more than half the patients experienced severe difficulties (29% very severe, 39% severe). Psychiatric difficulties were assessed as severe (35%) and very severe (21%) among the patients. Severe difficulties were also experienced socio-economically, at 52% in patients and 49% in caregivers, especially among patients in their fifties (58%) and those with their spouse (65%) as caregivers. The topmost need was the introduction of new technology for treatment of PD (62%), followed by relief of costs for treatment (38%) and a family support system (31%). The majority (91%) of the patients were diagnosed with PD within two years after onset of symptoms.
Conclusion
We know that the difficulties of PD and the needs for government assistance are different between patients and caregivers. These results emphasize that perceiving the difficulties and needs of patients and caregivers early can help to prevent and ameliorate the burden of disease. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Challenges in Parkinson’s Disease Care—In Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Kyung Ah Woo, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon
Journal of Movement Disorders.2023; 16(1): 52. CrossRef - Efficacy and safety of a combination of emotional freedom technique with acupuncture versus acupuncture alone to treat psychiatric symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: A protocol for a randomized, assessor-blind, parallel-group clinical trial
Dong-Hoon Kang, Ju-Yeon Kim, Yang-Chun Park, Ho-Ryong Yoo, In Chul Jung
Medicine.2023; 102(21): e33714. CrossRef - Exploring Unmet Information Needs of People with Parkinson’s Disease and Their Families: Focusing on Information Sharing in an Online Patient Community
Hyeon Sik Chu, Hye Young Jang
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(5): 2521. CrossRef - Participants' perspective on a COVID-19 online vocal group stimulation for people with Parkinson's disease
Marie-Christine Hallé, Charline Delorme, Édith Coulombe, Ouswa Rekik, Ingrid Verduyckt
Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Group singing improves quality of life for people with Parkinson’s: an international study
J. Yoon Irons, Grenville Hancox, Trish Vella-Burrows, Eun-Young Han, Hyun-Ju Chong, David Sheffield, Donald E. Stewart
Aging & Mental Health.2021; 25(4): 650. CrossRef - Exploring the perceptions and stigmatizing experiences of Israeli family caregivers of people with Parkinson's disease
Hanan AboJabel, Einat Argavan, Sharon Hassin-Baer, Rivka Inzelberg, Perla Werner
Journal of Aging Studies.2021; 56: 100910. CrossRef - Perceived online social support for Parkinson’s disease patients: The role of support type, uncertainty, contentment, and psychological quality of life
Surin Chung, Eunjin (Anna) Kim, J. Brian Houston
Communication Quarterly.2021; 69(3): 259. CrossRef - Delivering patient-centered care in Parkinson's disease: Challenges and consensus from an international panel
Roongroj Bhidayasiri, Pattamon Panyakaew, Claudia Trenkwalder, Beomseok Jeon, Nobutaka Hattori, Priya Jagota, Yih-Ru Wu, Elena Moro, Shen-Yang Lim, Huifang Shang, Raymond Rosales, Jee-Young Lee, Win Min Thit, Eng-King Tan, Thien Thien Lim, Ngoc Tai Tran,
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2020; 72: 82. CrossRef - Understanding patients’ and caregivers’ perspectives and educational needs in Parkinson’s disease: a multi-ethnic Asian study
Xing Yan Choo, Shen-Yang Lim, Karuthan Chinna, Yan Jing Tan, Voon Wei Yong, Jia Lun Lim, Kar Foo Lau, Jing Yi Chung, Jun Min Em, Hui Ting Tan, Jia Hwa Lim, Seng Beng Tan, Chong Tin Tan, Ai Huey Tan
Neurological Sciences.2020; 41(10): 2831. CrossRef - Nörolojik Hastalık ve Evlilik
Mehmet ÖNGER, Tuba AYDIN
Sakarya Medical Journal.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - The burden of care and the understanding of disease in Parkinson’s disease
Geum-Bong Lee, Hyunhee Woo, Su-Yoon Lee, Sang-Myung Cheon, Jae Woo Kim, Oscar Arias-Carrion
PLOS ONE.2019; 14(5): e0217581. CrossRef
- Challenges in Parkinson’s Disease Care—In Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Validation of the Korean Version of the Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease-Autonomic
- Ji-Young Kim, In-Uk Song, Seong-Beom Koh, Tae-Beom Ahn, Sang Jin Kim, Sang-Myung Cheon, Jin Whan Cho, Yun Joong Kim, Hyeo-Il Ma, Mee-Young Park, Jong Sam Baik, Phil Hyu Lee, Sun Ju Chung, Jong-Min Kim, Han-Joon Kim, Young-Hee Sung, Do Young Kwon, Jae-Hyeok Lee, Jee-Young Lee, Ji Sun Kim, Ji Young Yun, Hee Jin Kim, Jin Young Hong, Mi-Jung Kim, Jinyoung Youn, Ji Seon Kim, Eung Seok Oh, Hui-Jun Yang, Won Tae Yoon, Sooyeoun You, Kyum-Yil Kwon, Hyung-Eun Park, Su-Yun Lee, Younsoo Kim, Hee-Tae Kim, Joong-Seok Kim
- J Mov Disord. 2017;10(1):29-34. Published online January 18, 2017
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.16057
- 15,933 View
- 373 Download
- 31 Web of Science
- 30 Crossref
-
Abstract
PDFSupplementary Material
- Objective
Autonomic symptoms are commonly observed in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and often limit the activities of daily living. The Scale for Outcomes in Parkinson’s disease-Autonomic (SCOPA-AUT) was developed to evaluate and quantify autonomic symptoms in PD. The goal of this study was to translate the original SCOPA-AUT, which was written in English, into Korean and to evaluate its reliability and validity for Korean PD patients.
Methods
For the translation, the following processes were performed: forward translation, backward translation, expert review, pretest of the pre-final version and development of the final Korean version of SCOPA-AUT (K-SCOPA-AUT). In total, 127 patients with PD from 31 movement disorder clinics of university-affiliated hospitals in Korea were enrolled in this study. All patients were assessed using the K-SCOPA-AUT and other motor, non-motor, and quality of life scores. Test-retest reliability for the K-SCOPA-AUT was assessed over a time interval of 10−14 days.
Results
The internal consistency and reliability of the K-SCOPA-AUT was 0.727 as measured by the mean Cronbach’s α-coefficient. The test-retest correlation reliability was 0.859 by the Guttman split-half coefficient. The total K-SCOPA-AUT score showed a positive correlation with other non-motor symptoms [the Korean version of non-motor symptom scale (K-NMSS)], activities of daily living (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part II) and quality of life [the Korean version of Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life 39 (K-PDQ39)].
Conclusion
The K-SCOPA-AUT had good reliability and validity for the assessment of autonomic dysfunction in Korean PD patients. Autonomic symptom severities were associated with many other motor and non-motor impairments and influenced quality of life. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Baseline prevalence and longitudinal assessment of autonomic dysfunction in early Parkinson’s disease
Lanqing Yang, Huan Gao, Min Ye
Journal of Neural Transmission.2024; 131(2): 127. CrossRef - Association Between Gait and Dysautonomia in Patients With De Novo Parkinson’s Disease: Forward Gait Versus Backward Gait
Seon-Min Lee, Mina Lee, Eun Ji Lee, Rae On Kim, Yongduk Kim, Kyum-Yil Kwon
Journal of Movement Disorders.2023; 16(1): 59. CrossRef - Beyond shallow feelings of complex affect: Non-motor correlates of subjective emotional experience in Parkinson’s disease
Claudia Carricarte Naranjo, Claudia Sánchez Luaces, Ivonne Pedroso Ibáñez, Andrés Machado, Hichem Sahli, María Antonieta Bobes, Vincenzo De Luca
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(2): e0281959. CrossRef - Autonomic function and motor subtypes in Parkinson’s disease: a multicentre cross-sectional study
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Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Clinical manifestation of patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder after modest-to-long disease duration
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Sleep.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Associations of cognitive dysfunction with motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease
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Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: Results from the Faroese Parkinson's disease cohort
Aksel Berg, Sára Bech, Jan Aasly, Matthew J. Farrer, Maria Skaalum Petersen
Neuroscience Letters.2022; 785: 136789. CrossRef - Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms, urinary incontinence and retention in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Fang-Fei Li, Yu-Sha Cui, Rui Yan, Shuang-Shuang Cao, Tao Feng
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - White matter tract-specific microstructural disruption is associated with depressive symptoms in isolated RBD
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NeuroImage: Clinical.2022; 36: 103186. CrossRef - Comparison of disease progression between brain-predominant Parkinson's disease versus Parkinson's disease with body-involvement phenotypes
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Neurobiology of Disease.2022; 174: 105883. CrossRef - Corneal confocal microscopy differentiates patients with Parkinson’s disease with and without autonomic involvement
Ning-Ning Che, Shuai Chen, Qiu-Huan Jiang, Si-Yuan Chen, Zhen-Xiang Zhao, Xue Li, Rayaz A. Malik, Jian-Jun Ma, Hong-Qi Yang
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Journal of Clinical Neurology.2020; 16(1): 66. CrossRef - Risk Factors for Falls in Patients with de novo Parkinson’s Disease: A Focus on Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms
Kyum-Yil Kwon, Mina Lee, Hyunjin Ju, Kayeong Im
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- Baseline prevalence and longitudinal assessment of autonomic dysfunction in early Parkinson’s disease
Letter to the editor
- Dropped Head Syndrome after Minor Trauma in a Patient with Levosulpiride-Aggravated Vascular Parkinsonism
- Soo Hyun Cho, Dokyung Lee, Tae-Beom Ahn
- J Mov Disord. 2016;9(2):126-128. Published online March 28, 2016
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.15052
- 14,809 View
- 78 Download
Case Report
- Apparently Ipsilateral Parkinsonism in a Patient with Chronic Subdural Hematoma
- Tae Hwan Roh, Dokyung Lee, Il Ki Hong, Deog Yoon Kim, Tae-Beom Ahn
- J Mov Disord. 2012;5(1):18-20.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.12005
- 7,906 View
- 71 Download
- 1 Crossref
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Abstract
PDF
Symptomatic parkinsonism secondary to ipsilateral lesion is rarely reported. Although the contribution of the contralateral lesions was assumed in some cases, the pathomechanism remains undetermined. Herein we report a patient with a subdural hematoma, who developed parkinsonism in the ipsilateral hemibody. Structural and functional imaging suggests the contralateral dopaminergic dysfunction as the major culprit of apparently ipsilateral parkinsonism.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Secondary parkinsonism caused by chronic subdural hematomas owing to compressed cortex and a disturbed cortico–basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuit: illustrative case
Masao Fukumura, Sho Murase, Yuzo Kuroda, Kazutomo Nakazawa, Yasufumi Gon
Journal of Neurosurgery: Case Lessons.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
- Secondary parkinsonism caused by chronic subdural hematomas owing to compressed cortex and a disturbed cortico–basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuit: illustrative case
Review Article
- Clinicopathological Correlates of Lewy Body Disease: Fundamental Issues
- Tae-Beom Ahn
- J Mov Disord. 2010;3(1):11-14.
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.10003
- 11,031 View
- 63 Download
- 3 Crossref
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Abstract
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Lewy body pathology (LBP) is the pathological hallmark of Lewy body diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and Lewy body dementia. Recent studies have shed new light on the role of LBP, the interactions of LBP with concomitant pathologies, and the propagation of LBP from the olfactory bulb and enteric nervous system to the central nervous system. The intrinsic difficulty with identifying clinicopathological correlates could be overcome by improving our understanding of the pathological evolution of LBP.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- Demencias degenerativas: ¿un dilema de síndromes o de enfermedades?
A. Robles Bayón
Neurología.2022; 37(6): 480. CrossRef - Degenerative dementias: a question of syndrome or disease?
A. Robles Bayón
Neurología (English Edition).2022; 37(6): 480. CrossRef - Advances in NURR1-Regulated Neuroinflammation Associated with Parkinson’s Disease
Murad Al-Nusaif, Yushan Lin, Tianbai Li, Cheng Cheng, Weidong Le
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(24): 16184. CrossRef
- Demencias degenerativas: ¿un dilema de síndromes o de enfermedades?
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