Journal of Movement Disorders

Original Articles

The Association between the Triglyceride-Glucose Index and the Incidence Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study: Yoonkyung Chang, Ju-young Park, Ji Young Yun, Tae-Jin Song; J Mov Disord. 2025;18(2):138-148. Published online February 27, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24131

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Objective
We aimed to investigate the associations of the triglyceride-glucose index, which measures insulin resistance, and the incidence of Parkinson’s disease.
Methods
Our study used the Health Screening Cohort database of the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea (2002–2019). We included 310,021 participants who had no previous history of Parkinson’s disease and for whom more than 3 triglyceride-glucose index measurements were available. A diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease was determined via the International Classification of Diseases Tenth edition (G20) with a specific reimbursement code for rare intractable diseases and a history of prescriptions for anti-Parkinsonism drugs.
Results
During a median of 9.64 years (interquartile range 8.72–10.53), 4,587 individuals (1.5%) had Parkinson’s disease. Based on a multivariable time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model, a per-unit increase in triglyceride-glucose index score was associated with a significantly increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.062; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.007–1.119). In a sensitivity analysis, the triglyceride-glucose index was associated with the incidence of Parkinson’s disease in a non–diabetes mellitus cohort (HR: 1.093; 95% CI 1.025–1.165), but not in the diabetes mellitus cohort (HR: 0.990; 95% CI 0.902–1.087). In a restricted cubic spline analysis, the association between the triglyceride-glucose index and the incidence risk of Parkinson’s disease showed a nonlinear increasing (J-shaped) trend.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that higher triglyceride-glucose index scores were associated with the incidence of Parkinson’s disease in the general population, particularly in a nondiabetic mellitus cohort.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between the triglyceride-glucose frailty index and Parkinson's disease in middle-aged and older adults: a comparative cross-national analysis of NHANES and CHARLS
Changze Ou, Binbin Chen, Haidong Yu, Jun Deng, Huajun Long
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2026; 145: 108240. CrossRef
Insulin Resistance Surrogates and Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study with Interpretable Machine Learning
Hongming Liang, Yuru Jia, Hui Zhang, Danlei Wang, Haoheng Yu, Yongwen Yan, Jingyi Li, Liangkai Chen, Zheng Xue
Biomedicines.2026; 14(3): 493. CrossRef
The interplay between obesity and triglyceride-glucose index in modulating Parkinson's disease risk: A cross-sectional NHANES study of middle-aged and young adults
Jincheng Ma, Mimi Li, Zhendong Lei
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2025; 140: 108070. CrossRef
Revisiting the Triglyceride–Glucose Index in Parkinson’s Disease: Risk Ractor or Disease Marker?
Shweta Prasad, Tarunya Nagaraj, Shubha GS Bhat, Mahima Bhardwaj, Pooja Mailankody, Rohan R Mahale, Nitish Kamble, Vikram Venkappayya Holla, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal
Journal of Movement Disorders.2025; 18(4): 389. CrossRef
Association of triglyceride glucose-waist to height ratio index with Parkinson’s disease and the mediating role of systemic inflammatory response index: A cross-sectional study
Keyu Shi, Zikai Pei, Sijie Quan, Yue Shi, Yi Zhou
Medicine.2025; 104(52): e46737. CrossRef

Falls and Physical Injuries in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease: Tae-Jin Song, Do Hyun Kim, Kwon-Duk Seo, Seung-Hun Oh, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Myung Sik Lee; J Mov Disord. 2008;1(1):13-18.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.08003

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Abstract PDF

Background:

In Parkinson’s disease (PD), falls and subsequent physical injuries are frequent causes of morbidity and mortality. We investigated the characteristics of falls and physical injuries in Korean patients with PD.

Methods:

This study included 239 patients with PD. Using the medical records and interviews, we studied the characteristics of fall and its consequences retrospectively.

Results:

Among the 239 patients with PD, 129 (54.0%) patients had a history of fall. The mean interval between the disease onset and the first fall was 15.3 months. Among them, 83 patients (64.3%) fell more than twice. Eighty-six patients (66.7%) had physical injuries and 21 patients (15.3%) had fractures including 7 with hip fracture and 7 with arm fracture. Patients with physical injuries fell earlier and repetitively. They tended to fall during the night, toward lateral or posterior direction, and were unable to make protective hand movements.

Conclusions:

Elderly PD patients with long duration have a high risk of fall. To prevent the physical injuries, the clinicians should try to reduce the off time and advice the patients and caregivers to limit physical activities during the night.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A retrospective study on the management of osteoporosis in Parkinson's disease – A single institution, preliminary study
Kwang-Kyoun Kim, Tae-Kyun Kim, Yougun Won, Won-Sub Sung
Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia.2015; 1(1): 59. CrossRef

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