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Nine Hereditary Movement Disorders First Described in Asia: Their History and Evolution
Priya Jagota, Yoshikazu Ugawa, Zakiyah Aldaajani, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Hiroyuki Ishiura, Yoshiko Nomura, Shoji Tsuji, Cid Diesta, Nobutaka Hattori, Osamu Onodera, Saeed Bohlega, Amir Al-Din, Shen-Yang Lim, Jee-Young Lee, Beomseok Jeon, Pramod Kumar Pal, Huifang Shang, Shinsuke Fujioka, Prashanth Lingappa Kukkle, Onanong Phokaewvarangkul, Chin-Hsien Lin, Cholpon Shambetova, Roongroj Bhidayasiri
J Mov Disord. 2023;16(3):231-247.   Published online June 13, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.23065
  • 4,517 View
  • 273 Download
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Clinical case studies and reporting are important to the discovery of new disorders and the advancement of medical sciences. Both clinicians and basic scientists play equally important roles leading to treatment discoveries for both cures and symptoms. In the field of movement disorders, exceptional observation of patients from clinicians is imperative, not just for phenomenology but also for the variable occurrences of these disorders, along with other signs and symptoms, throughout the day and the disease course. The Movement Disorders in Asia Task Force (TF) was formed to help enhance and promote collaboration and research on movement disorders within the region. As a start, the TF has reviewed the original studies of the movement disorders that were preliminarily described in the region. These include nine disorders that were first described in Asia: Segawa disease, PARK-Parkin, X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome, benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy, Kufor-Rakeb disease, tremulous dystonia associated with mutation of the calmodulin-binding transcription activator 2 gene, and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. We hope that the information provided will honor the original researchers and help us learn and understand how earlier neurologists and basic scientists together discovered new disorders and made advances in the field, which impact us all to this day.

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  • Genetic heterogeneity of early onset Parkinson disease: The dilemma of clinico-genetic correlation
    Roopa Rajan, Vikram V. Holla, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal
    Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2024; 129: 107146.     CrossRef
Original Articles
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KMT2B-Related Dystonia in Indian Patients With Literature Review and Emphasis on Asian Cohort
Debjyoti Dhar, Vikram V Holla, Riyanka Kumari, Neeharika Sriram, Jitender Saini, Ravi Yadav, Akhilesh Pandey, Nitish Kamble, Babylakshmi Muthusamy, Pramod Kumar Pal
J Mov Disord. 2023;16(3):285-294.   Published online June 13, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.23035
  • 3,973 View
  • 201 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objective
aaMutations in the KMT2B gene have been identified in patients previously diagnosed with idiopathic dystonia. Literature on KMT2B-related dystonia is sparse in the Indian and Asian populations.
Methods
aaWe report seven patients with KMT2B-related dystonia studied prospectively from May 2021 to September 2022. Patients underwent deep clinical phenotyping and genetic testing by whole-exome sequencing (WES). A systematic literature search was performed to identify the spectrum of previously published KMT2B-related disorders in the Asian subcontinent.
Results
aaThe seven identified patients with KMT2B-related dystonia had a median age at onset of four years. The majority experienced onset in the lower limbs (n = 5, 71.4%), with generalization at a median duration of 2 years. All patients except one had complex phenotypes manifesting as facial dysmorphism (n = 4), microcephaly (n = 3), developmental delay (n = 3), and short stature (n = 1). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities were present in four cases. WES revealed novel mutations in the KMT2B gene in all patients except one. Compared to the largest cohort of patients with KMT2B-related disorders, the Asian cohort, comprising 42 patients, had a lower prevalence of female patients, facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, intellectual disability, and MRI abnormalities. Protein-truncating variants were more prevalent than missense variants. While microcephaly and short stature were more common in patients with missense mutations, facial dysmorphism was more common in patients with truncating variants. Deep brain stimulation, performed in 17 patients, had satisfactory outcomes.
Conclusion
aaThis is the largest series of patients with KMT2B-related disorders from India, further expanding the clinico-genotypic spectrum. The extended Asian cohort emphasizes the unique attributes of this part of the world.

Citations

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  • Clinical and genetic profile of patients with dystonia: An experience from a tertiary neurology center from India
    Debjyoti Dhar, Vikram V. Holla, Riyanka Kumari, Ravi Yadav, Nitish Kamble, Babylakshmi Muthusamy, Pramod Kumar Pal
    Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2024; 120: 105986.     CrossRef
  • The clinical spectrum and pathogenesis associated with KMT2B variants in Chinese pediatric patients
    Shuangjin Ding, Gang Xie, Zonglin Han, Yangming Wang, Ming Shi, Feng Zhai, Tinghong Liu, Zihang Xie, Weihua Zhang, Yun Wu, Xinying Yang, Anna Zhou, Fang Fang, Shuhong Ren, Shuli Liang, Huiqing Cao, Hui Xiong, Changhong Ding, Lifang Dai
    Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2024; 129: 107172.     CrossRef
Article image
Safinamide as an Adjunct to Levodopa in Asian and Caucasian Patients With Parkinson’s Disease and Motor Fluctuations: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SETTLE Study
Roongroj Bhidayasiri, Takayuki Ishida, Takanori Kamei, Ryan Edbert Husni, Ippei Suzuki, Shey Lin Wu, Jin Whan Cho
J Mov Disord. 2023;16(2):180-190.   Published online April 26, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22196
  • 3,037 View
  • 197 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objective
Safinamide is a selective, reversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitor with demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in placebo-controlled studies and is clinically useful for patients with motor fluctuations. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of safinamide as a levodopa adjunct therapy in Asian patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Methods
Data from 173 Asian and 371 Caucasian patients from the international Phase III SETTLE study were included in this post hoc analysis. The safinamide dose was increased from 50 mg/day to 100 mg/day if no tolerability issues occurred at week 2. The primary outcome was the change from baseline to week 24 in daily ON-time without troublesome dyskinesia (i.e., ON-time). Key secondary outcomes included changes in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores.
Results
Safinamide significantly increased daily ON-time relative to placebo in both groups (least-squares mean: 0.83 hours, p = 0.011 [Asians]; 1.05 hours, p < 0.0001 [Caucasians]). Motor function relative to placebo (UPDRS Part III) improved significantly in Asians (-2.65 points, p = 0.012) but not Caucasians (-1.44 points, p = 0.0576). Safinamide did not worsen Dyskinesia Rating Scale scores in either subgroup, regardless of the presence or absence of dyskinesia at baseline. Dyskinesia was largely mild for Asians and moderate for Caucasians. None of the Asian patients experienced adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation.
Conclusion
Safinamide as a levodopa adjunct is well tolerated and effective in reducing motor fluctuations in both Asian and Caucasian patients. Further studies to investigate the real-world effectiveness and safety of safinamide in Asia are warranted.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Effects of Safinamide in Chinese and Non-Chinese Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
    Carlo Cattaneo, Jaime Kulisevsky
    Advances in Therapy.2024; 41(2): 638.     CrossRef
  • Safinamide as adjunctive therapy to levodopa monotherapy for patients with Parkinson's disease with wearing-off: The Japanese observational J-SILVER study
    Noriko Nishikawa, Taku Hatano, Kenya Nishioka, Shin-Ichi Ueno, Shinji Saiki, Ryota Nakamura, Asako Yoritaka, Takashi Ogawa, Yasushi Shimo, Wataru Sako, Hideki Shimura, Yoshiaki Furukawa, Takanori Kamei, Takayuki Ishida, Nobutaka Hattori
    Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2024; 461: 123051.     CrossRef
Brief communication
Article image
Clinical and Imaging Profile of Patients with Joubert Syndrome
Bharath Kumar Surisetti, Vikram Venkappayya Holla, Shweta Prasad, Koti Neeraja, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal
J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):231-235.   Published online September 16, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21066
  • 5,076 View
  • 133 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objective
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare syndrome characterized by ataxia and the molar tooth sign (MTS) on imaging. The present study aims to explore the clinical and radiological features in a cohort of patients with JS.
Methods
This was a retrospective chart review of patients with JS evaluated by movement disorder specialists.
Results
Nine patients were included in the study. All patients had facial dysmorphism and ocular abnormalities, and 4 patients had dystonia. Ocular tilt reaction and alternate skew deviation (66%) were the most common ocular abnormalities. Horizontally aligned superior cerebellar peduncles were observed in all four patients with diffusion tensor imaging, with a lack of decussation in three. Exome sequencing performed in four patients revealed novel variants in the MKS1, CPLANE1, and PIBF1 genes.
Conclusion
Facial dysmorphism, ocular abnormalities and classical imaging findings were observed in all patients with JS. Apart from ataxia, dystonia and myoclonus are other movement disorders observed in JS.

Citations

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  • Joubert Sendromlu Hastanın Diş Tedavilerinde Anestezi Yönetimi: Olgu Sunumu
    Mehmet Akif Yılmaz, Feyza Şimşek, Havva Yavuz, Nuray Uzun, Murat Büyüksefil, Fatih Şengül, Elif Oral Ahıskalıoğlu
    Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Cerrahi Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi.2024; 3(1): 15.     CrossRef
  • Joubert Syndrome Presenting With Levodopa-Responsive Parkinsonism
    Jin Hwangbo, Ki-Seok Park, Hyun Sung Kim, Jae-Hwan Choi, Jae-Hyeok Lee
    Journal of Movement Disorders.2024; 17(3): 339.     CrossRef
  • Progressive Dysphagia in Joubert Syndrome: A Report of a Rare Case
    Courteney Castellano, Jomaries O Gomez Rosado, Alexandra Witt, Rebecca Simon, Dyadin Esharif
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Novel Homozygous Variant in CPLANE1 Gene in a Patient with Developmental Deficits
    Bhagyalakshmi Shankarappa, Vishnu P. Prasad, Sujith Kumar, Ravi Shankar Rao, Angel Beula Royal, Mahadeva Swamy, Pannaga Prasad, Ashitha S. Niranjana Murthy, Suhas Ganesh, Biju Viswanath, Sanjeev Jain, Meera Purushottam, Murali Thyloth
    Molecular Syndromology.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Clinical and genetic characteristics of 36 children with Joubert syndrome
    Yan Dong, Ke Zhang, He Yao, Tianming Jia, Jun Wang, Dengna Zhu, Falin Xu, Meiying Cheng, Shichao Zhao, Xiaoyi Shi
    Frontiers in Pediatrics.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • CEP104 gene may involve in the pathogenesis of a new developmental disorder other than joubert syndrome
    Reza Shervin Badv, Mojdeh Mahdiannasser, Maryam Rasoulinezhad, Laleh Habibi, Ali Rashidi-Nezhad
    Molecular Biology Reports.2022; 49(8): 7231.     CrossRef
  • Congenital Brain Malformations: An Integrated Diagnostic Approach
    Bimal P. Chaudhari, Mai-Lan Ho
    Seminars in Pediatric Neurology.2022; 42: 100973.     CrossRef
Case Report
Oculodentodigital Dysplasia Presenting as Spastic Paraparesis: The First Genetically Confirmed Korean Case and a Literature Review
Kye Won Park, Ho-Sung Ryu, Juyeon Kim, Sun Ju Chung
J Mov Disord. 2017;10(3):149-153.   Published online September 22, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.17050
  • 7,480 View
  • 137 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by mutations of the human gap junction alpha 1 gene, which encodes the protein Connexin-43. Patients with ODDD may present with neurological deficits with a typical pleiotropic combination of characteristic craniofacial, ophthalmological, phalangeal, and dental anomalies. In this report, we describe the first genetically confirmed Korean ODDD patient, who presented with spastic paraparesis. We will also review the neurological aspects of ODDD as reported in the literature.

Citations

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  • Glial Connexins and Pannexins in the Healthy and Diseased Brain
    Christian Giaume, Christian C. Naus, Juan C. Sáez, Luc Leybaert
    Physiological Reviews.2021; 101(1): 93.     CrossRef
  • Oculodentodigital Dysplasia: A Case Report and Major Review of the Eye and Ocular Adnexa Features of 295 Reported Cases
    Virang Kumar, Natario L. Couser, Arti Pandya
    Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine.2020; 2020: 1.     CrossRef
  • Novel ocular findings in oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD): a case report and literature review
    Zhirong Wang, Limei Sun, Panfeng Wang, Chonglin Chen, Aiyuan Zhang, Weiqing Wang, Xiaoyan Ding
    Ophthalmic Genetics.2019; 40(1): 54.     CrossRef
  • Oculodentodigital Dysplasia: A Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophy with a Characteristic MRI Pattern of Brain Stem Involvement
    I. Harting, S. Karch, U. Moog, A. Seitz, P.J.W. Pouwels, N.I. Wolf
    American Journal of Neuroradiology.2019; 40(5): 903.     CrossRef
Original Article
Article image
Survival of Korean Huntington’s Disease Patients
Han-Joon Kim, Chae-Won Shin, Beomseok Jeon, Hyeyoung Park
J Mov Disord. 2016;9(3):166-170.   Published online September 21, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.16022
  • 16,568 View
  • 155 Download
  • 14 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objective
The survival of Huntington’s disease (HD) patients is reported to be 15–20 years. However, most studies on the survival of HD have been conducted in patients without genetic confirmation with the possible inclusion of non-HD patients, and all studies have been conducted in Western countries. The survival of patients with HD in East Asia, where its prevalence is 10–50-fold lower compared with Western populations, has not yet been reported.
Methods
Forty-seven genetically confirmed Korean HD patients from independent families were included in this retrospective medical record review study.
Results
The mean age at onset among the 47 patients was 46.1 ± 14.0 years. At the time of data collection, 25 patients had died, and these patients had a mean age at death of 57.8 ± 13.7 years. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the median survival from onset in the 47 patients was 14.5 years (95% confidence interval: 12.3–16.6). None of the following factors were associated with the survival time in the univariate Cox regression analysis: gender, age at onset, normal CAG repeat size, mutant CAG repeat size, and the absence or presence of non-motor symptoms at onset.
Conclusion
This is the first Asian study on survival in HD patients. Survival in Korean HD patients may be shorter than that reported for Western populations, or at least is in the lower range of expected survival. A larger longitudinal observation study is needed to confirm the results found in this study.

Citations

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  • Analysis of HTT CAG repeat expansion among healthy individuals and patients with chorea in Korea
    Ryul Kim, Moon-Woo Seong, Bumjo Oh, Ho Seop Shin, Jee-Soo Lee, Sangmin Park, Mihee Jang, Beomseok Jeon, Han-Joon Kim, Jee-Young Lee
    Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2024; 118: 105930.     CrossRef
  • Clinical and Genetic Characteristics Associated With Survival Outcome in Late-Onset Huntington’s Disease in South Korea
    Yun Su Hwang, Sungyang Jo, Gu-Hwan Kim, Jee-Young Lee, Ho-Sung Ryu, Eungseok Oh, Seung-Hwan Lee, Young Seo Kim, Sun Ju Chung
    Journal of Clinical Neurology.2024; 20(4): 394.     CrossRef
  • A Practical Guide for Clinical Approach to Patients With Huntington’s Disease in Korea
    Chaewon Shin, Ryul Kim, Dallah Yoo, Eungseok Oh, Jangsup Moon, Minkyeong Kim, Jee-Young Lee, Jong-Min Kim, Seong-Beom Koh, Manho Kim, Beomseok Jeon
    Journal of Movement Disorders.2024; 17(2): 138.     CrossRef
  • Evidence-Based Review on Symptomatic Management of Huntington’s Disease
    Jung Hwan Shin, Hui-Jun Yang, Jong Hyun Ahn, Sungyang Jo, Seok Jong Chung, Jee-Young Lee, Hyun Sook Kim, Manho Kim
    Journal of Movement Disorders.2024; 17(4): 369.     CrossRef
  • Increased 10-Year Prevalence of Huntington’s Disease in South Korea: An Analysis of Medical Expenditure Through the National Healthcare System
    Chan Young Lee, Jun-soo Ro, Hyemin Jung, Manho Kim, Beomseok Jeon, Jee-Young Lee
    Journal of Clinical Neurology.2023; 19(2): 147.     CrossRef
  • Clustering and prediction of disease progression trajectories in Huntington's disease: An analysis of Enroll-HD data using a machine learning approach
    Jinnie Ko, Hannah Furby, Xiaoye Ma, Jeffrey D. Long, Xiao-Yu Lu, Diana Slowiejko, Rita Gandhy
    Frontiers in Neurology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Survival in Huntington’s disease and other young‐onset dementias
    Samantha M. Loi, Paraskevi Tsoukra, Emily Sun, Zhibin Chen, Pierre Wibawa, Maria di Biase, Sarah Farrand, Dhamidhu Eratne, Wendy Kelso, Andrew Evans, Mark Walterfang, Dennis Velakoulis
    International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Functional Intercellular Transmission of miHTT via Extracellular Vesicles: An In Vitro Proof-of-Mechanism Study
    Roberto D. V. S. Morais, Marina Sogorb-González, Citlali Bar, Nikki C. Timmer, M. Leontien Van der Bent, Morgane Wartel, Astrid Vallès
    Cells.2022; 11(17): 2748.     CrossRef
  • Huntington's disease: Mortality and risk factors in an Australian cohort
    Emily Sun, Matthew Kang, Pierre Wibawa, Vivian Tsoukra, Zhibin Chen, Sarah Farrand, Dhamidhu Eratne, Wendy Kelso, Andrew Evans, Mark Walterfang, Dennis Velakoulis, Samantha M. Loi
    Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2022; 442: 120437.     CrossRef
  • Huntington’s disease in Turkey: genetic counseling, clinical features, and outcome
    Yesim Sucullu Karadag, Busranur Erozan Cavdarli, Rabia Nazik Yuksel
    Neurological Research.2021; 43(5): 381.     CrossRef
  • Validation of diagnostic codes and epidemiologic trends of Huntington disease: a population-based study in Navarre, Spain
    Esther Vicente, Ainara Ruiz de Sabando, Fermín García, Itziar Gastón, Eva Ardanaz, María A. Ramos-Arroyo
    Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Epidemiology of Huntington disease in Cyprus: A 20‐year retrospective study
    C.A. Demetriou, A. Heraclides, C. Salafori, G.A. Tanteles, K. Christodoulou, Y. Christou, E. Zamba‐Papanicolaou
    Clinical Genetics.2018; 93(3): 656.     CrossRef
  • Population-specific genetic modification of Huntington's disease in Venezuela
    Michael J. Chao, Kyung-Hee Kim, Jun Wan Shin, Diane Lucente, Vanessa C. Wheeler, Hong Li, Jared C. Roach, Leroy Hood, Nancy S. Wexler, Laura B. Jardim, Peter Holmans, Lesley Jones, Michael Orth, Seung Kwak, Marcy E. MacDonald, James F. Gusella, Jong-Min L
    PLOS Genetics.2018; 14(5): e1007274.     CrossRef
Case Report
Psychogenic Balance Disorders: Is It a New Entity of Psychogenic Movement Disorders?
Jong Sam Baik, Myung Sik Lee
J Mov Disord. 2012;5(1):24-27.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.12007
  • 17,065 View
  • 100 Download
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF

The various reported psychogenic dyskinesias include tremor, dystonia, myoclonus, gait disorder, Parkinsonism, tics, and chorea. It is not easy to diagnose psychogenic movement disorders, especially in patients with underlying organic disease. We describe three patients with balance and/or posture abnormalities that occur when they stand up, start to move, or halt from walking, although their gaits are normal. One had an underlying unilateral frontal lobe lesion. All patients improved dramatically after receiving a placebo-injection or medication. These abnormal features differ from the previously reported features of astasia without abasia and of psychogenic gait disorders, including recumbent gait. We describe and discuss the patients’ unique clinical characteristics.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Somatization in Parkinson's Disease: A systematic review
    Danilo Carrozzino, Per Bech, Chiara Patierno, Marco Onofrj, Bo Mohr Morberg, Astrid Thomas, Laura Bonanni, Mario Fulcheri
    Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.2017; 78: 18.     CrossRef
  • Functional movement disorders
    Anita Barbey, Selma Aybek
    Current Opinion in Neurology.2017; 30(4): 427.     CrossRef

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