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Comparative Olfactory Profiles in Parkinson’s Disease and Drug-Induced Parkinsonism
In Hee Kwak, Young Eun Kim, Suk Yun Kang, Joong Seob Lee, Jeongjae Lee, Min Seung Kim, Dong A Yea, Hyeo-il Ma
J Mov Disord. 2024;17(1):64-70.   Published online October 6, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.23105
  • 2,158 View
  • 445 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objective
Drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is a frequently encountered diagnostic possibility when considering Parkinson’s disease (PD). While olfactory dysfunction is a common clinical feature in PD, the comparison of olfactory function between the two conditions remains insufficient. This study aimed to compare olfactory function, including threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) profiles, between PD and DIP.
Methods
Consecutive patients with drug-naïve PD (n = 78) or DIP (n = 31) confirmed through dopamine transporter imaging were enrolled in this study. The YSK olfactory function (YOF) test, composed of TDI domains culturally familiar odorants to Koreans, was administered to all patients.
Results
In the study population, patients with DIP were significantly older than patients with PD. Over 70% of patients in each group had hyposmia or anosmia, and there was no significant difference in the occurrence of olfactory dysfunction between the two groups. In addition, there were no differences in the total YOF score and threshold score between the two groups. Meanwhile, the PD group had a significantly lower discrimination and identification score than the DIP group after adjusting for age, sex, the existence of diabetes, disease duration, and cognitive function.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that detailed olfactory profiles are different in PD and DIP, even though olfactory dysfunction can be observed in both conditions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Olfactory dysfunction as potential biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases: a narrative review
    Nicolas De Cleene, Katarína Schwarzová, Samuel Labrecque, Clancy Cerejo, Atbin Djamshidian, Klaus Seppi, Beatrice Heim
    Frontiers in Neuroscience.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Clinical Features Indicating Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Degeneration in Drug-Induced Parkinsonism
Seung Ha Lee, Han Kyeol Kim, Young Gun Lee, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Sung Jun Ahn, Myung Sik Lee
J Mov Disord. 2017;10(1):35-39.   Published online December 27, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.16045
  • 10,225 View
  • 163 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objective
Patients with drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) may have nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration. We studied the clinical features that may indicate nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in patients with DIP.
Methods
Forty-one DIP patients were classified into normal and abnormal [18F] FP-CIT scan groups. Differences in 32 clinical features and drug withdrawal effects were studied.
Results
Twenty-eight patients had normal (Group I) and 13 patients had abnormal (Group II) scans. Eight patients of Group I, but none of Group II, had taken calcium channel blockers (p = 0.040). Three patients of Group I and six of Group II had hyposmia (p = 0.018). After drug withdrawal, Group I showed greater improvement in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale total motor scores and subscores for bradykinesia and tremors than Group II. Only hyposmia was an independent factor associated with abnormal scans, but it had suboptimal sensitivity.
Conclusion
None of the clinical features were practical indicators of nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in patients with DIP.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Comparative Olfactory Profiles in Parkinson’s Disease and Drug-Induced Parkinsonism
    In Hee Kwak, Young Eun Kim, Suk Yun Kang, Joong Seob Lee, Jeongjae Lee, Min Seung Kim, Dong A Yea, Hyeo-il Ma
    Journal of Movement Disorders.2024; 17(1): 64.     CrossRef
  • Retinal Thickness and Its Interocular Asymmetry Between Parkinson’s Disease and Drug-Induced Parkinsonism
    Wool Suh, Sung Uk Baek, Jungsu S. Oh, Seung Yeon Seo, Jae Seung Kim, You Mie Han, Min Seung Kim, Suk Yun Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Gait abnormalities and non-motor symptoms predict abnormal dopaminergic imaging in presumed drug-induced Parkinsonism
    Whitley W. Aamodt, Jacob G. Dubroff, Gang Cheng, Betty Taylor, Stephanie Wood, John E. Duda, James F. Morley
    npj Parkinson's Disease.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Acute dopamine receptor blockade in substantia nigra pars reticulata: a possible model for drug-induced Parkinsonism
    Verónica Alejandra Cáceres-Chávez, Ricardo Hernández-Martínez, Jesús Pérez-Ortega, Marco Arieli Herrera-Valdez, Jose J. Aceves, Elvira Galarraga, José Bargas
    Journal of Neurophysiology.2018; 120(6): 2922.     CrossRef
  • Neuroimaging in Parkinson's disease: focus on substantia nigra and nigro-striatal projection
    Daniela Frosini, Mirco Cosottini, Duccio Volterrani, Roberto Ceravolo
    Current Opinion in Neurology.2017; 30(4): 416.     CrossRef

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