Objective The outcomes of motor and nonmotor features of Parkinson’s disease (PD) following deep brain stimulation (DBS) vary among its subtypes. We tested whether preoperative motor subtyping using the modified tremor/postural instability and gait difficulty ratio (T/P ratio) could indicate the short-term motor, nonmotor and quality of life (QOL) outcomes of subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS.
Methods In this prospective study, 39 consecutive STN DBS patients were assessed in the drug-OFF state before surgery and subtyped according to the T/P ratio. Patients were reassessed 6 months after surgery in the stimulation ON-drug-OFF state, and the percentage changes in motor, nonmotor and QOL scores (Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire [PDQ-39]) were calculated.
Results The modified T/P ratio was moderately and positively correlated with the percentage change in the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III score in the OFF state, the sum of cardinal motor signs, the Non-Motor Symptom Scale score, and QOL (PDQ-39).
Conclusion Preoperative PD motor subtyping can be used as an indicator of the short-term outcomes of STN DBS in PD patients.
Objective Camptocormia contributes to vertical gait instability and, at times, may also lead to forward instability in experimental settings in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. However, these aspects, along with compensatory mechanisms, remain largely unexplored. This study comprehensively investigated gait instability and compensatory strategies in PD patients with camptocormia (PD+CC).
Methods Ten PD+CC patients, 30 without camptocormia (PD-CC), and 27 healthy controls (HCs) participated. Self-paced gait tasks were analyzed using three-dimensional motion capture systems to assess gait stability as well as spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters. Unique cases with pronounced forward gait stability or instability were first identified, followed by group comparisons. Correlation analysis was performed to examine associations between trunk flexion angles (lower/upper) and gait parameters. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results Excluding one unique case, the PD+CC group presented a significantly lower vertical center of mass (COM) position (p=0.019) increased mediolateral COM velocity (p=0.004) and step width (p=0.013), compared to the PD-CC group. Both PD groups presented greater anterior‒posterior margins of stability than did the HCs (p<0.001). Significant correlations were found between lower/upper trunk flexion angles and a lower vertical COM position (r=-0.690/-0.332), as well as increased mediolateral COM velocity (r=0.374/0.446) and step width (r=0.580/0.474).
Conclusion Most PD+CC patients presented vertical gait instability, increased fall risk, and adopted compensatory strategies involving greater lateral COM shift and a wider base of support, with these trends intensifying as trunk flexion angles increased. These findings may guide targeted interventions for gait instability in PD+CC patients.
Objective This study aims to objectively evaluate turning gait parameters in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients using 2D-RGB video-based analysis and explore their relationships with imbalance.
Methods We prospectively enrolled PD patients for clinical assessment, balance analysis and gait with 180º turning. Spatiotemporal gait parameters during turning were derived using video-based analysis and correlated with modified Hoehn and Yahr (mHY) stages and center of pressure (COP) oscillations.
Results A total of 64 PD patients were enrolled. The PD patients with higher mHY stages (≥2.5) had significantly longer turning times, greater numbers of steps, wider step bases and less variability in step length during turns. COP oscillations were positively correlated with the mean turning time on both the anterior-posterior and right-left axes.
Conclusion Spatiotemporal gait parameter during turning, derived from video-based gait analysis, may represent apromising biomarker for monitoring postural instability in PD patients.
Objective Huntington’s disease (HD) is characterized by motor, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Oculomotor impairments and gait variability have been independently considered as potential markers in HD. However, an integrated analysis of eye movement and gait is lacking. We performed multiple examinations of eye movement and gait variability in HTT mutation carriers, analyzed the consistency between these parameters and clinical severity, and then examined the associations between oculomotor impairments and gait deficits.
Methods We included 7 patients with pre-HD, 30 patients with HD and 30 age-matched controls. We collected demographic data and assessed the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) score. Examinations, including saccades, smooth pursuit tests, and optokinetic (OPK) tests, were performed to evaluate eye movement function. The parameters of gait include stride length, walking velocity, step deviation, step length, and gait phase.
Results HD patients have significant impairments in the latency and velocity of saccades, the gain of smooth pursuit, and the gain and slow phase velocities of OPK tests. Only the speed of saccades significantly differed between pre-HD patients and controls. There are significant impairments in stride length, walking velocity, step length, and gait phase in HD patients. The parameters of eye movement and gait variability in HD patients were consistent with the UHDRS scores. There were significant correlations between eye movement and gait parameters.
Conclusion Our results show that eye movement and gait are impaired in HD patients and that the speed of saccades is impaired early in pre-HD. Eye movement and gait abnormalities in HD patients are significantly correlated with clinical disease severity.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Transcranial magnetic stimulation-based neuroplasticity in the treatment of amblyopia Yilong Lin, Kaifang Cai Journal of Neuroscience Methods.2025; 419: 110464. CrossRef
Objective Gaits constitute the most fundamental and common form of human locomotion and are essential in daily activities. We aimed to investigate gait parameters in medically and cognitively healthy older adults to determine the independent effects of age, physical attributes, and cognition on these parameters.
Methods This retrospective study enrolled healthy older adult participants aged 50 years or older with normal cognition and no neurological symptoms or medical/surgical history that could affect gait. Quantitative gait analysis was conducted via the GAITRite Electronic Walkway, which categorizes gait parameters into spatiotemporal, spatial, temporal, phase, and variability. Gait parameters were compared between sexes across different age groups. The independent effects of age, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and physical characteristics were analyzed via a multiple regression model.
Results This study included 184 participants with an average age of 72.2 years. After adjusting for age, height, and footwear, only the base width and its variability differed between the sexes. Gait parameters varied significantly among different age groups, revealing multiple interparameter associations. Age was independently correlated with decreased velocity, step and stride lengths, single support time percentage and increased double support time, double support time percentage, and variability parameters, excluding the coefficient of variance of base width. Height was positively correlated with velocity, step and stride lengths, and base width, whereas leg length was negatively associated with cadence and positively associated with temporal parameters of gait.
Conclusion Gait parameters in healthy older adults were not only associated with age and physical characteristics but also had interparameter correlations.
Objective Gait speed is regulated by varying gait parameters depending on the diverse contexts of the environment. People with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD) have difficulty adapting to gait control in their environment; however, the relationships between gait speed and spatiotemporal parameters in free-living environments have not been clarified. This study aimed to compare gait parameters according to gait speed in clinics and free-living environments.
Methods PwPD were assessed at the clinic and in a free-living environment using an accelerometer on the lower back. By fitting a bimodal Gaussian model to the gait speed distribution, gait speed was divided into lower and higher speeds. We compared the spatiotemporal gait parameters using a 2 × 2 (environment [clinic/free-living] × speed [lower/higher]) repeated-measures analysis of variance. Associations between Parkinson’s disease symptoms and gait parameters were evaluated using Bayesian Pearson’s correlation coefficients.
Results In the 41 PwPD included in this study, spatiotemporal gait parameters were significantly worse in free-living environments than in clinics and at lower speeds than at higher speeds. The fit of the walking speed distribution to the bimodal Gaussian model (adjustability of gait speed) in free-living environments was related to spatiotemporal gait parameters, severity of Parkinson’s disease, number of falls, and quality of life.
Conclusion The findings suggest that gait control, which involves adjusting gait speed according to context, differs between clinics and free-living environments in PwPD. Gait assessments for PwPD in both clinical and free-living environments should interpret gait impairments in a complementary manner.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Gait Instability and Compensatory Mechanisms in Parkinson’s Disease Patients With Camptocormia: An Exploratory Study Hideyuki Urakami, Yasutaka Nikaido, Yuta Okuda, Yutaka Kikuchi, Ryuichi Saura, Yohei Okada Journal of Movement Disorders.2025; 18(2): 127. CrossRef
Objective To systematically review and critically evaluate literature on spatiotemporal gait deviations in individuals with premanifest and manifest Huntington’s Disease (HD) in comparison with healthy cohorts.
Methods We conducted a systematic review, guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Manual for Evidence Synthesis and pre-registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Eight electronic databases were searched. Studies comparing spatiotemporal footstep parameters in adults with premanifest and manifest HD to healthy controls were screened, included and critically appraised by independent reviewers. Data on spatiotemporal gait changes and variability were extracted and synthesised. Meta-analysis was performed on gait speed, cadence, stride length and stride length variability measures.
Results We screened 2,721 studies, identified 1,245 studies and included 25 studies (total 1,088 participants). Sample sizes ranged from 14 to 96. Overall, the quality of the studies was assessed as good, but reporting of confounding factors was often unclear. Meta-analysis found spatiotemporal gait deviations in participants with HD compared to healthy controls, commencing in the premanifest stage. Individuals with premanifest HD walk significantly slower (-0.17 m/s; 95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.22, -0.13]), with reduced cadence (-6.63 steps/min; 95% CI [-10.62, -2.65]) and stride length (-0.09 m; 95% CI [-0.13, -0.05]). Stride length variability was also increased in premanifest cohorts by 2.18% (95% CI [0.69, 3.68]), with these changes exacerbated in participants with manifest disease.
Conclusion Findings suggest individuals with premanifest and manifest HD display significant spatiotemporal footstep deviations. Clinicians could monitor individuals in the premanifest stage of disease for gait changes to identify the onset of Huntington’s symptoms.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Eye Movement and Gait Variability Analysis in Chinese Patients With Huntington’s Disease Shu-Xia Qian, Yu-Feng Bao, Xiao-Yan Li, Yi Dong, Zhi-Ying Wu Journal of Movement Disorders.2025; 18(1): 65. CrossRef
The association between gait speed and falls in ambulatory adults with spinal muscular atrophy: a retrospective pilot study Kathryn Jira, Andrea Jaworek, Matti Allen, Songzhu Zhao, Kristina Kelly, W. David Arnold, Bakri Elsheikh Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Objective Depression in Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects the quality of life of patients. Postural instability and gait disturbance are associated with the severity and prognosis of PD. We investigated the association of depression with axial involvement in early-stage PD patients.
Methods This study involved 95 PD patients unexposed to antiparkinsonian drugs. After a baseline assessment for depression, the subjects were divided into a depressed PD group and a nondepressed PD group. Analyses were conducted to identify an association of depression at baseline with the following outcome variables: the progression to Hoehn and Yahr scale (H-Y) stage 3, the occurrence of freezing of gait (FOG), levodopa-induced dyskinesia, and wearing-off. The follow-up period was 53.40 ± 16.79 months from baseline.
Results Kaplan–Meier survival curves for H-Y stage 3 and FOG showed more prominent progression to H-Y stage 3 and occurrences of FOG in the depressed PD group than in the nondepressed PD group (log-rank p = 0.025 and 0.003, respectively). Depression in drug-naïve, early-stage PD patients showed a significant association with the progression to H-Y stage 3 (hazard ratio = 2.55; 95% confidence interval = 1.32–4.93; p = 0.005), as analyzed by Cox regression analyses. In contrast, the occurrence of levodopa-induced dyskinesia and wearing-off did not differ between the two groups (log-rank p = 0.903 and 0.351, respectively).
Conclusion Depression in drug-naïve, early-stage PD patients is associated with an earlier occurrence of postural instability. This suggests shared nondopaminergic pathogenic mechanisms and potentially enables the prediction of early development of postural instability.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Association of motor subtype and tremor type with Parkinson's disease progression: An exploratory longitudinal analysis Yuke Zhong, Huahua Su, Ying Liu, Hang Liu, Guohui Liu, Zhihui Liu, Jiahao Wei, Junyi Wang, Yuchen She, Changhong Tan, Lijuan Mo, Lin Han, Fen Deng, Xi Liu, Lifen Chen Journal of Parkinson’s Disease.2025; 15(1): 111. CrossRef
Objective Studies on gait and autonomic dysfunction have been insufficient so far, particularly de novo Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this study was to identify the association between gait dynamics and autonomic dysfunction in patients with de novo PD.
Methods A total 38 patients with de novo PD were retrospectively included in this study. Details of patients’ dysautonomia were assessed using the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease-Autonomic Dysfunction (SCOPA-AUT). For assessment of gait, a computerized gait analysis was performed using the GAITRite system for forward gait and backward gait. High SCOPA-AUT score (PD-HSAS) group and low SCOPA-AUT score (PD-LSAS) group were identified according to their SCOPA-AUT scores.
Results Nineteen (50%) patients with high SCOPA-AUT scores above median value (12.5) were assigned into the PD-HSAS group and others were assigned to the PD-LSAS group. Compared with the PD-LSAS group, the PD-HSAS group exhibited slower gait, shorter stride, decreased cadence, increased double support phase, decreased swing phase, and increased variability in swing time. Total SCOPA-AUT score showed significantly positive correlations with gait variability and instability but a negative correlation with gait hypokinesia. In subdomain analysis, urinary dysautonomia was highly associated with impairment of gait dynamics. All significant results were found to be more remarkable in backward gait than in forward gait.
Conclusion Our findings suggest that alteration in gait dynamics, especially backward gait, is highly associated with autonomic dysfunction in patients with de novo PD.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Balance and gait disorders in de novo Parkinson’s disease: support for early rehabilitation Beata Lindholm, Peter Hagell, Per Odin, Oskar Hansson, Arkadiusz Siennicki-Lantz, Sölve Elmståhl, Lars B. Dahlin, Erika Franzén Journal of Neurology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of motor features on non‐motor symptoms in patients with de novo Parkinson's disease: Cognition, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and dysautonomia Kyum‐Yil Kwon, Byung‐Euk Joo, Jihwan You, Rae On Kim Geriatrics & Gerontology International.2025; 25(3): 392. CrossRef
Advances in autonomic dysfunction research in Parkinson’s disease Hongjia Xu, Xiaolei Zheng, Xinyue Xing, Zhichao Bi, Dewei Wang, Cheng Zhang, Lifei Wei, Yulin Jin, Shunliang Xu Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between autonomic dysfunction with motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease Yi Qin, De-Tao Meng, Zhao-Hui Jin, Wen-Jun Du, Bo-Yan Fang Journal of Neural Transmission.2024; 131(4): 323. CrossRef
Determinants of Dual-task Gait Speed in Older Adults with and without
Parkinson’s Disease André Ivaniski-Mello, Vivian Torres Müller, Lucas de Liz Alves, Marcela Zimmermann Casal, Aline Nogueira Haas, Luca Correale, Ana Carolina Kanitz, Valéria Feijó Martins, Andréa Kruger Gonçalves, Flávia Gomes Martinez, Leonardo Alexandre Peyré-Tartaruga International Journal of Sports Medicine.2023; 44(10): 744. CrossRef
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and nonmotor symptoms. Although the basal ganglia is traditionally the primary brain region implicated in this disease process, this limited view ignores the roles of the cortex and cerebellum that are networked with the basal ganglia to support motor and cognitive functions. In particular, recent research has highlighted dysfunction in the supplementary motor complex (SMC) in patients with PD. Using the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, we identified research articles using keywords pertaining to the involvement of the SMC in action sequencing impairments, temporal processing disturbances, and gait impairment in patients with PD. A review of abstracts and full-text articles was used to identify relevant articles. In this review of 63 articles, we focus on the role of the SMC in PD, highlighting anatomical and functional data to create new perspectives in understanding clinical symptoms and, potentially, new therapeutic targets. The SMC has a nuanced role in the pathophysiology of PD, with both hypo- and hyperactivation associated with various symptoms. Further studies using more standardized patient populations and functional tasks are needed to more clearly elucidate the role of this region in the pathophysiology and treatment of PD.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Reliability, Concurrent Validity, Responsiveness and Measurement Error of the Portuguese Version of Comprehensive Motor Coordination Scale in Individuals With Parkinson's Disease Clara Rezende Rocha, Caroline Rodrigues Osawa, Maria Eduarda Salum Aveiro Henrique, Pedro Henrique Sousa de Andrade, Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de Souza, Gustavo José Luvizutto Physiotherapy Research International.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Grey matter volume differences across Parkinson’s disease motor subtypes in the supplementary motor cortex A. Martin, J. Nassif, L. Chaluvadi, C. Schammel, R. Newman-Norlund, S. Bollmann, J. Absher NeuroImage: Clinical.2025; 45: 103724. CrossRef
Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation over the supplementary motor area on motor function in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis Yawen Chen, Hanhong Jiang, Yixin Wei, Saiqing Ye, Jiaxin Jiang, Margaret K.Y. Mak, Marco Y.C. Pang, Qiang Gao, Meizhen Huang Brain Stimulation.2025; 18(1): 1. CrossRef
Motor learning-based clinical pilates training for the Parkinson’s disease rehabilitation @Parkinsonpilates: A parallel group, randomised controlled trial with 3-month follow-up Fahriye Coban, Beliz Belgen Kaygisiz, Ferda Selcuk Complementary Therapies in Medicine.2025; 90: 103161. CrossRef
Parkinsonism Disrupts Neuronal Modulation in the Presupplementary Motor Area during Movement Preparation Claudia M. Hendrix, Hannah E. Baker, Ying Yu, David D. Schneck, Jing Wang, Luke A. Johnson, Jerrold L. Vitek The Journal of Neuroscience.2025; 45(13): e1802242025. CrossRef
Modulatory effect of levodopa on the basal ganglia-cerebellum connectivity in Parkinson’s disease Juyoung Jenna Yun, Subati Abulikemu, Kodchakorn Love Jangwanich, Yen F. Tai, Shlomi Haar npj Parkinson's Disease.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Resting-state functional MRI metrics to detect freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: a machine learning approach Caterina Vicidomini, Francesco Fontanella, Tiziana D'Alessandro, Giovanni Nicola Roviello, Claudio De Stefano, Fabrizio Stocchi, Mario Quarantelli, Maria Francesca De Pandis Computers in Biology and Medicine.2025; 192: 110244. CrossRef
Impaired topological properties of cortical morphological brain networks correlate with motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease Su Yan, Jun Lu, Yuanhao Li, Tian Tian, Yiran Zhou, Hongquan Zhu, Yuanyuan Qin, Wenzhen Zhu Journal of Neuroradiology.2024; 51(4): 101155. CrossRef
Libet’s legacy: A primer to the neuroscience of volition Tomáš Dominik, Alfred Mele, Aaron Schurger, Uri Maoz Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.2024; 157: 105503. CrossRef
Neural correlates of fine motor grasping skills: Longitudinal insights into motor cortex activation using fNIRS Xiaoli Li, Minxia Jin, Nan Zhang, Wei Hongman, LianHui Fu, Qi Qi Brain and Behavior.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Affection of Motor Network Regions by Tau Pathology Across the Alzheimer's Disease Spectrum Gérard N. Bischof, Elena Jaeger, Kathrin Giehl, Merle C. Hönig, Peter H. Weiss, Alexander Drzezga eneuro.2024; 11(1): ENEURO.0242-23.2023. CrossRef
Parkinson’s Disease Risk Variant rs9638616 is Non-Specifically Associated with Altered Brain Structure and Function Thomas Welton, Thomas Wei Jun Teo, Ling Ling Chan, Eng-King Tan, Louis Chew Seng Tan Journal of Parkinson’s Disease.2024; 14(4): 713. CrossRef
HD-tDCS over left supplementary motor area differentially modulated neural correlates of motor planning for speech vs. limb movement Fatemeh Tabari, Celeste Patron, Hope Cryer, Karim Johari International Journal of Psychophysiology.2024; 201: 112357. CrossRef
Addressing the sources of inter-subject variability in E-field parameters in anodal tDCS stimulation over motor cortical network Pablo Franco-Rosado, M Amparo Callejón, Javier Reina-Tosina, Laura M Roa, Juan F Martin-Rodriguez, Pablo Mir Physics in Medicine & Biology.2024; 69(14): 145013. CrossRef
Cortical networks of parkinsonian gait: a metabolic and functional connectivity study Franziska Pellegrini, Nicoló G. Pozzi, Chiara Palmisano, Giorgio Marotta, Andreas Buck, Stefan Haufe, Ioannis U. Isaias Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology.2024; 11(10): 2597. CrossRef
Combining Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation with Exercise to Improve Mobility, Stability, and Tremor Management in 25 Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease Fabrício D. de Almeida, Yiyu Wang, Rodrigo C. de Mello Pedreiro, Ana Carolina B. Brizzi, Shirley F. Campos, Melina P. Sales, Deanna M. Kennedy, Osmar Pinto Neto Neurology International.2024; 16(6): 1223. CrossRef
Static and Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity in Parkinson's Disease Patients With Postural Instability and Gait Disorder Bo Shen, Qun Yao, Yixuan Zhang, Yinyin Jiang, Yaxi Wang, Xu Jiang, Yang Zhao, Haiying Zhang, Shuangshuang Dong, Dongfeng Li, Yaning Chen, Yang Pan, Jun Yan, Feng Han, Shengrong Li, Qi Zhu, Daoqiang Zhang, Li Zhang, Yun‐cheng Wu CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Functional anatomy of the subthalamic nucleus and the pathophysiology of cardinal features of Parkinson’s disease unraveled by focused ultrasound ablation Rafael Rodriguez-Rojas, Jorge U. Máñez-Miró, José A. Pineda-Pardo, Marta del Álamo, Raúl Martínez-Fernández, José A. Obeso Science Advances.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Sensorimotor network connectivity correlates with motor improvement after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease Shumei Chi, Xinrui Wen, Yang Yu, Guanjun Wang, Jie Zhang, Chuang Xue, Xiaoying Zhang, Zheng Wang, Meiduo Gesang, Jiefang Chen, Sha Wu, Man Jin, Jian Liu, Benyan Luo Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2023; 106: 105218. CrossRef
A new model for freedom of movement using connectomic analysis Diego Alonzo Rodríguez-Méndez, Daniel San-Juan, Mark Hallett, Chris G. Antonopoulos, Erick López-Reynoso, Ricardo Lara-Ramírez PeerJ.2022; 10: e13602. CrossRef
Cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in motor subtypes of Parkinson’s disease Jianyu Li, Yuanchao Zhang, Zitong Huang, Yihan Jiang, Zhanbing Ren, Daihong Liu, Jiuquan Zhang, Roberta La Piana, Yifan Chen npj Parkinson's Disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the effects of dancing (using the Feldenkrais method) on motor and non-motor symptoms, quality of life (QoL), and objective parameters of gait at the time of intervention and at the end of the 1-year study period.
Methods This was a single-arm study in which 12 subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD) received dance intervention during a 6-month period. Objective motor scales, gait analysis, and questionnaires on non-motor symptoms were evaluated at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months.
Results Dance intervention decreased motor scale (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Tinetti scale) scores and improved gait disturbance (gait velocity and step length) without increasing levodopa equivalent dose. Furthermore, dancing decreased non-motor scale (Non-Motor Symptoms Scale and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) scores and improved QoL.
Conclusion Our findings suggest that dance intervention can be a complementary management method for PD patients.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Somatic movement intervention among older adults to improve body awareness and spine mobility: A pilot study Diana K. Lara, Kate A. Hamel, David I. Anderson Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies.2025; 42: 319. CrossRef
Feldenkrais method and clinical psychology: A systematic literature review exploring the potential of Feldenkrais Method in psychiatric care Sylvia Martin, Clara La Monica, Laura Soto, Vladimir Latocha Complementary Therapies in Medicine.2024; 85: 103073. CrossRef
Mild cognitive impairment is associated with poor gait performance in patients with Parkinson’s disease Sung Hoon Kang, Jinhee Kim, Jungyeun Lee, Seong-Beom Koh Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common occurrence in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) that leads to significant limitations in mobility and increases risk of falls. Focused vibrotactile stimulation and cueing are two methods used to alleviate motor symptoms, including FOG, in patients with PD. While effective on their own, the effect of combining both focused vibrotactile stimulation and cueing has yet to be investigated. Two patients, both with a history of PD, suffered from frequent FOG episodes that failed to respond adequately to medication. A novel vibrotactile stimulation device that delivered rhythmic kinesthetic stimuli onto the sternum successfully reduced FOG episodes in both patients and drastically improved their mobility as measured by the Timed Up and Go test. We found that a combination of focused vibrotactile stimulation and cueing was effective in reducing FOG episodes in two patients with PD. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to confirm our observations.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Identification of anatomical locations: its relevance for vibrotactile perception of individuals with Parkinson's disease Ankita Raghuvanshi, Priya Pallavi, Rahul Chhatlani, Jayesh Parmar, Manish Rana, Sagar Betai, Uttama Lahiri BioMedical Engineering OnLine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A pilot interventional study on feasibility and effectiveness of the CUE1 device in Parkinson's disease Viktoria Azoidou, Kira Rowsell, Ellen Camboe, Kamalesh C. Dey, Alexandra Zirra, Corrine Quah, Thomas Boyle, David Gallagher, Alastair J. Noyce, Cristina Simonet Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2025; 133: 107349. CrossRef
Non-invasive device to alleviate symptoms in people living with Parkinson’s: study protocol for a multicentre phase II double-blind randomised controlled trial Viktoria Azoidou, Essa Bhadra, Kira Rowsell, Ellen Camboe, Kamalesh Dey, Alexandra Zirra, Corrine Quah, Caroline Budu, Thomas Boyle, David Gallagher, Alastair Noyce, Cristina Simonet BMJ Open.2025; 15(4): e096051. CrossRef
Approaches of wearable and implantable biosensor towards of developing in precision medicine Elham Ghazizadeh, Zahra Naseri, Hans-Peter Deigner, Hossein Rahimi, Zeynep Altintas Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of tactile cueing on dual task performance in Parkinson’s disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis Viktoria Azoidou, Alastair J Noyce, Cristina Simonet Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2024; 11: 100284. CrossRef
Tapping into tissue bioelectromechanics: Electroactive biopolymers for dynamic tissue engineering Matthew K. Burgess, Malavika Nair APL Materials.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Therapeutic Devices for Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease: Current Progress and a Systematic Review of Recent Randomized Controlled Trials Joji Fujikawa, Ryoma Morigaki, Nobuaki Yamamoto, Teruo Oda, Hiroshi Nakanishi, Yuishin Izumi, Yasushi Takagi Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring a New Cueing Device in People Who Experience Freezing of Gait: Acceptance of a Study Design Agnes Wilhelm, Tanja Riedl, Christian Paumann, Jessie Janssen, Hélio Teive Parkinson's Disease.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Technological support for people with Parkinson’s disease: a narrative review Tommaso Di Libero, Elisa Langiano, Chiara Carissimo, Maria Ferrara, Pierluigi Diotaiuti, Angelo Rodio Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2022; : 1. CrossRef
Future Therapeutic Strategies for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Cathy K. Cui, Simon J. G. Lewis Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Objective The Four Square Step Test (FSST) is a tool that assesses dynamic balance during obstacle step-over. To date, few studies have used the FSST to measure balance in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to verify that patients with PD, even at the de novo early stage, take more time to perform the FSST and identify which factors, cognitive status or cardinal motor symptoms, are related most to FSST scores.
Methods Thirty-five newly diagnosed drug-naïve patients with PD and 17 controls completed the FSST. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and neuropsychological test battery were also assessed in the PD group.
Results Mean FSST performance time was 8.20 ± 1.61 seconds in patients with PD, which was significantly more than the control group (7.13 ± 1.10 seconds, p = 0.018). UPDRS part III total score and H&Y stage were not significantly associated with FSST, but among the UPDRS subscores, only the postural instability/gait disturbance subscore showed a significant association. Regarding the association between FSST and cognition, the Trail Making Test-B and the Color Word Stroop Test showed strongly inverse correlations with FSST (rho = -0.598 and -0.590, respectively). With respect to gait parameters, double support time was significantly associated with FSST score (rho = 0.342, p = 0.044); however, other parameters, including velocity and step length, were not associated with the FSST.
Conclusion The FSST can be used in the clinic to assess dynamic balance with cognitive demands even in the early stages of PD.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Neuroimaging and cognitive correlates of postural control in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review Patrick Tait, Lisa Graham, Rodrigo Vitorio, Tamlyn Watermeyer, Emily C. Timm, Joan O’Keefe, Samuel Stuart, Rosie Morris Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The importance of Kinesio Taping Therapy on the Complex Gait Recovery of
Patients with Drop Foot after Stroke Alexandra Ionela PRALA, Luminița Ionela GEORGESCU , Ion MIHAILA , Elena Ioana ICONARU , Stefan TOMA Romanian Journal of Physical Therapy.2025; 31(54): 20. CrossRef
Impact of mobile phone usage on dynamic postural control among South Indian college students S. Dhanusia, S. Santhana Lakshmi, Ajith Kumar, R. Prabhu, Vignesh Srinivasan, Prathap Suganthirababu, Priyadharshini Kumar, A. Kumaresan, Surya Vishnuram, Jagatheesan Alagesan, Rajkumar Krishnan Vasanthi Work.2024; 78(2): 441. CrossRef
A Computer Vision-Based System to Help Health Professionals to Apply Tests for Fall Risk Assessment Jesús Damián Blasco-García, Gabriel García-López, Marta Jiménez-Muñoz, Juan Antonio López-Riquelme, Jorge Juan Feliu-Batlle, Nieves Pavón-Pulido, María-Trinidad Herrero Sensors.2024; 24(6): 2015. CrossRef
2023 Carol B. Lewis Distinguished Lecture Address to the APTA Geriatrics Membership Combined Sections Meeting, February 23, 2023 Key Words & Challenges: Defining Our Role in Caring for Older Adults Michelle M. Lusardi Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy.2023; 46(2): 93. CrossRef
The relationship between visual function and physical performance in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA) Atalie C. Thompson, Eileen Johnson, Michael E. Miller, Jeff D. Williamson, Anne B. Newman, Steve Cummings, Peggy Cawthon, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Eric R. Anson PLOS ONE.2023; 18(9): e0292079. CrossRef
Relationship between parental history of dementia, motor-cognitive and executive function performance in African American women Allison A. Bay, Nicole Schindler, Whitney Wharton, Hayley Silverstein, Liang Ni, Todd A. Prusin, Madeleine E. Hackney Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2022; 439: 120305. CrossRef
Neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have increasingly been reported since the onset of the pandemic. Herein, we report a relatively new presentation. A patient in the convalescence period following a febrile illness with lower respiratory tract infection (fever, myalgia, nonproductive cough) presented with generalized disabling myoclonus, which is phenotypically suggestive of brainstem origin, along with additional truncal cerebellar ataxia. His neurology work-ups, such as brain MRI, electroencephalography, serum autoimmune and paraneoplastic antibody testing, were normal. His CT chest scan revealed right lower lung infiltrates, and serological and other laboratory testing did not show evidence of active infection. COVID-19 titers turned out to be strongly positive, suggestive of post-COVID-19 lung sequelae. He responded partially to antimyoclonic drugs and fully to a course of steroids, suggesting a para- or postinfectious immune-mediated pathophysiology. Myoclonusataxia syndrome appears to be a neurological manifestation of COVID-19 infection, and knowledge regarding this phenomenon should be increased among clinicians for better patient care in a pandemic situation.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
A case of suspected autoimmune encephalopathy with involuntary movements and cognitive dysfunction post‐COVID‐19 Yosuke Tenpaku, Naoki Mabuchi, Takahiro Kawase, Hideki Oguro, Hiroshi Tatsumi, Masayuki Satoh Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia Syndrome Due to SARS-CoV-2 Josef Finsterer, Fulvio A. Scorza Neuro-Ophthalmology.2023; 47(1): 1. CrossRef
Myoclonus in patients with COVID‐19: Findings of autoantibodies against brain structures in cerebrospinal fluid Isa Lindqvist, Janet L. Cunningham, Jan Mulder, Amalia Feresiadou, Elham Rostami, Johan Virhammar, Eva Kumlien European Journal of Neurology.2023; 30(10): 3142. CrossRef
Temporal Changes in Brain Perfusion in a Patient with Myoclonus and Ataxia Syndrome Associated with COVID-19 Kenta Osawa, Atsuhiko Sugiyama, Akiyuki Uzawa, Shigeki Hirano, Tatsuya Yamamoto, Masahiko Nezu, Nobuyuki Araki, Hiroki Kano, Satoshi Kuwabara Internal Medicine.2022; 61(7): 1071. CrossRef
Post‐infectious cerebellar ataxia following COVID‐19 in a patient with epilepsy Sidhartha Chattopadhyay, Judhajit Sengupta, Sagar Basu Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology.2022; 13(4): 323. CrossRef
Persistent neurological manifestations in long COVID-19 syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis Rizaldy Taslim Pinzon, Vincent Ongko Wijaya, Abraham Al Jody, Patrick Nalla Nunsio, Ranbebasa Bijak Buana Journal of Infection and Public Health.2022; 15(8): 856. CrossRef
Anti-neuronal antibodies against brainstem antigens are associated with COVID-19 Guglielmo Lucchese, Antje Vogelgesang, Fabian Boesl, Dina Raafat, Silva Holtfreter, Barbara M. Bröker, Angela Stufano, Robert Fleischmann, Harald Prüss, Christiana Franke, Agnes Flöel eBioMedicine.2022; 83: 104211. CrossRef
Post–COVID‐19 Myoclonus–Ataxia Syndrome Responsive to Intravenous Immunoglobulins Massimiliano Godani, Alessandro Beronio, Giuseppe Lanza Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Spectrum of de novo movement disorders in the setting of COVID-19 infection Mitesh Chandarana, Heli Shah, Soaham Desai Annals of Movement Disorders.2022; 5(1): 23. CrossRef
Anti-GAD associated post-infectious cerebellitis after COVID-19 infection Ahmed Serkan Emekli, Asuman Parlak, Nejla Yılmaz Göcen, Murat Kürtüncü Neurological Sciences.2021; 42(10): 3995. CrossRef
Objective The long-term effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the longterm effects of STN-DBS surgery on PIGD symptoms in patients with advanced-stage PD. Methods This study included 49 consecutively included patients with PD who underwent bilateral STN-DBS. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores and subscores for PIGD were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 5 years postoperatively. The PIGD subscore was divided into PIGD-motor and PIGD-activities of daily living (ADL) scores according to parts III and II of the UPDRS, respectively. Results The PIGD-motor and PIGD-ADL scores at the “medication-off” state improved at 3 and 5 years, respectively. Overall, the UPDRS III and II scores at “medication-off” improved at 5 years. The UPDRS IV score also significantly improved and the levodopa equivalent daily dosage decreased at all follow-ups. Finally, the PIGD-motor score at baseline was able to predict long-term improvement in the PIGD-motor score at the 5-year follow-up. Conclusion The STN-DBS has both short- and long-term effects on PIGD, as well as overall motor function, in patients with advanced PD. The degree of PIGD at the preoperative evaluation can be used to predict long-term outcomes after STN-DBS surgery.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Ventral STN stimulation is associated with improved axial motor outcomes in Parkinson’s disease Madison Butler, Asra Askari, Brandon Zhu, Kara Wyant, Daniel Leventhal, Parag G. Patil, Kelvin L. Chou Journal of Neural Transmission.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects and mechanisms of acupuncture for PIGD-subtype Parkinson’s disease via integration of fMRI and gut microbiota-metabolomics analysis: protocol for a prospective randomized controlled trial Jili Sheng, Yingqi Xu, Tao Liu, Jianfang Zhu, Caiyun Mu, Lihao Zhai, Shanhu Xu, Hanyi Wang, Xiangzhi Liu, Tao Liu, Xiaoqing Jin Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation using different frequency programming paradigms on axial symptoms in advanced Parkinson’s disease Yifeng Cheng, Guangrui Zhao, Lei Chen, Deqiu Cui, Chunjuan Wang, Keke Feng, Shaoya Yin Acta Neurochirurgica.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Subthalamic deep brain stimulation in advanced Parkinson’s disease using the STarFix system Amr Elnaggar, Ahmad Elshanawany, Ahmad Ebrahim Elgheriany, Mahmoud Hasan Ragab, Ahmad Radwan Nouby Egyptian Journal of Neurosurgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Individual Structural Covariance Network Predicts Long-Term Motor Improvement in Parkinson Disease with Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Yu Diao, Hutao Xie, Yanwen Wang, Baotian Zhao, Anchao Yang, Jianguo Zhang American Journal of Neuroradiology.2024; 45(8): 1106. CrossRef
Circular walking is useful for assessing the risk of falls in early progressive supranuclear palsy Masahiro Ohara, Kosei Hirata, Taiki Matsubayashi, Qingmeng Chen, Kaoru Shimano, Ryoichi Hanazawa, Akihiro Hirakawa, Takanori Yokota, Takaaki Hattori Journal of Neurology.2024; 271(9): 6349. CrossRef
Long-term motor outcomes of deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus interna in Parkinson's disease patients: Five-year follow-up Yun Su Hwang, Sungyang Jo, Seung Hyun Lee, Nayoung Kim, Mi-Sun Kim, Sang Ryong Jeon, Sun Ju Chung Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2023; 444: 120484. CrossRef
Smartwatch gait coordination index: New measure for human gait utilizing smartwatch sensor Sumin Han, Rob Paul Medicine.2023; 102(12): e33267. CrossRef
WITHDRAWN: Laterality and frequency settings of subthalamic nucleus DBS for Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis Rajiv Dharnipragada, Lalitha S. Denduluri, Anant Naik, Mario Bertogliat, Matthew Awad, Salman Ikramuddin, Michael C. Park Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2023; : 105455. CrossRef
Frequency settings of subthalamic nucleus DBS for Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis Rajiv Dharnipragada, Lalitha S. Denduluri, Anant Naik, Mario Bertogliat, Matthew Awad, Salman Ikramuddin, Michael C. Park Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2023; 116: 105809. CrossRef
Unlocking potential: low frequency subthalamic nucleus stimulation enhances executive function in Parkinson’s disease patients with postural instability/gait disturbance Guofan Qin, Hutao Xie, Lin Shi, Baotian Zhao, Yifei Gan, Zixiao Yin, Yichen Xu, Xin Zhang, Yaojing Chen, Yin Jiang, Quan Zhang, Jianguo Zhang Frontiers in Neuroscience.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Role of Microelectrode Recording in Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery for Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis R. Saman Vinke, Martin Geerlings, Ashok K. Selvaraj, Dejan Georgiev, Bastiaan R. Bloem, Rianne A.J. Esselink, Ronald H.M.A. Bartels Journal of Parkinson’s Disease.2022; 12(7): 2059. CrossRef
Axial impairment and falls in Parkinson’s disease: 15 years of subthalamic deep brain stimulation Alessandro Zampogna, Francesco Cavallieri, Francesco Bove, Antonio Suppa, Anna Castrioto, Sara Meoni, Pierre Pélissier, Emmanuelle Schmitt, Amélie Bichon, Eugénie Lhommée, Andrea Kistner, Stephan Chabardès, Eric Seigneuret, Valerie Fraix, Elena Moro npj Parkinson's Disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef