Journal of Movement Disorders

Review Articles

Adult-Onset Genetic Leukoencephalopathies With Movement Disorders: Mu-Hui Fu, Yung-Yee Chang; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(2):115-132. Published online March 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22127

543 View
74 Download

Abstract PDF: Genetic leukoencephalopathies (GLEs) are a group of white matter abnormalities with heterogeneous radiological and phenotypic features. Although these conditions have mostly been described in children, adult-onset cases are increasingly recognized owing to the widespread use of neuroimaging and advances in molecular genetic testing. The disease course is often progressive with a varied spectrum of presentations, trapping neurologists in the dilemma of differential diagnosis. Movement disorders are among the most common symptoms, and their diversity makes diagnosis challenging. In this review, we focus on adult-onset GLEs with movement disorders and offer a step-by-step diagnostic approach by clarifying the phenomenology of movement, advising investigations for acquired causes, describing the clinical and radiological clues to each disease, emphasizing the limitations of advanced molecular testing, and discussing the future application of artificial intelligence. We provide a list summarizing the leukoencephalopathies associated with different categories of movement disorders. In addition to guiding clinicians on how to narrow the list of differential diagnoses with the tools currently available, another aim of this review is to emphasize the inevitable trend toward applying advanced technology in diagnosing these difficult diseases.

Treatable Ataxias: How to Find the Needle in the Haystack?: Albert Stezin, Pramod Kumar Pal; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(3):206-226. Published online September 7, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22069

3,038 View
389 Download
1 Citations

Treatable ataxias are a group of ataxic disorders with specific treatments. These disorders include genetic and metabolic disorders, immune-mediated ataxic disorders, and ataxic disorders associated with infectious and parainfectious etiology, vascular causes, toxins and chemicals, and endocrinopathies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of different treatable ataxias. The major metabolic and genetic treatable ataxic disorders include ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, abetalipoproteinemia, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, Niemann-Pick disease type C, autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia due to coenzyme Q10 deficiency, glucose transporter type 1 deficiency, and episodic ataxia type 2. The treatment of these disorders includes the replacement of deficient cofactors and vitamins, dietary modifications, and other specific treatments. Treatable ataxias with immune-mediated etiologies include gluten ataxia, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-associated ataxia, steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, Miller-Fisher syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Although dietary modification with a gluten-free diet is adequate in gluten ataxia, other autoimmune ataxias are managed by short-course steroids, plasma exchange, or immunomodulation. For autoimmune ataxias secondary to malignancy, treatment of tumor can reduce ataxic symptoms. Chronic alcohol consumption, antiepileptics, anticancer drugs, exposure to insecticides, heavy metals, and recreational drugs are potentially avoidable and treatable causes of ataxia. Infective and parainfectious causes of cerebellar ataxias include acute cerebellitis, postinfectious ataxia, Whipple’s disease, meningoencephalitis, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. These disorders are treated with steroids and antibiotics. Recognizing treatable disorders is of paramount importance when dealing with ataxias given that early treatment can prevent permanent neurological sequelae.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Rehabilitation in ataxia
Anupam Gupta, NavinB Prakash, Hafis Rahman
Indian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.2023; 33(1): 21. CrossRef

Diagnosis and Clinical Features in Autoimmune-Mediated Movement Disorders: Pei-Chen Hsieh, Yih-Ru Wu; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(2):95-105. Published online May 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21077

2,740 View
425 Download

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Movement disorders are common manifestations in autoimmune-mediated encephalitis. This group of diseases is suspected to be triggered by infection or neoplasm. Certain phenotypes correlate with specific autoantibody-related neurological disorders, such as orofacial-lingual dyskinesia with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and faciobrachial dystonic seizures with leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 encephalitis. Early diagnosis and treatment, especially for autoantibodies targeting neuronal surface antigens, can improve prognosis. In contrast, the presence of autoantibodies against intracellular neuronal agents warrants screening for underlying malignancy. However, early clinical diagnosis is challenging because these diseases can be misdiagnosed. In this article, we review the distinctive clinical phenotypes, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and current treatment options for autoimmune-mediated encephalitis.

Brief communication

Clinical and Imaging Profile of Patients with Joubert Syndrome: Bharath Kumar Surisetti, Vikram Venkappayya Holla, Shweta Prasad, Koti Neeraja, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):231-235. Published online September 16, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21066

2,965 View
99 Download
2 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare syndrome characterized by ataxia and the molar tooth sign (MTS) on imaging. The present study aims to explore the clinical and radiological features in a cohort of patients with JS.
Methods
This was a retrospective chart review of patients with JS evaluated by movement disorder specialists.
Results
Nine patients were included in the study. All patients had facial dysmorphism and ocular abnormalities, and 4 patients had dystonia. Ocular tilt reaction and alternate skew deviation (66%) were the most common ocular abnormalities. Horizontally aligned superior cerebellar peduncles were observed in all four patients with diffusion tensor imaging, with a lack of decussation in three. Exome sequencing performed in four patients revealed novel variants in the MKS1, CPLANE1, and PIBF1 genes.
Conclusion
Facial dysmorphism, ocular abnormalities and classical imaging findings were observed in all patients with JS. Apart from ataxia, dystonia and myoclonus are other movement disorders observed in JS.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

CEP104 gene may involve in the pathogenesis of a new developmental disorder other than joubert syndrome
Reza Shervin Badv, Mojdeh Mahdiannasser, Maryam Rasoulinezhad, Laleh Habibi, Ali Rashidi-Nezhad
Molecular Biology Reports.2022; 49(8): 7231. CrossRef
Congenital Brain Malformations: An Integrated Diagnostic Approach
Bimal P. Chaudhari, Mai-Lan Ho
Seminars in Pediatric Neurology.2022; 42: 100973. CrossRef

Original Articles

Patient Knowledge, Attitude and Perceptions towards Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Movement Disorders in India: Thavasimuthu Nisha Mol, Nitish Kamble, Vikram V. Holla, Rohan Mahale, Pramod Kumar Pal, Ravi Yadav; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(2):126-132. Published online April 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20094

3,620 View
88 Download

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Objective
There is limited literature on the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions (KAP) of botulinum toxin (BoNT) treatment among patients and caregivers. The objective of this study was to assess the KAP in patients undergoing BoNT treatment for movement disorders.
Methods
One hundred patients with movement disorders from National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Hospital in Bengaluru, South India, were recruited. The patients underwent demographic, clinical, and Patient Knowledge Questionnaire on Botulinum Toxin Use in Movement Disorders (PKQ-BMD)-based evaluations.
Results
The mean age of patients at the time of presentation was 47.97 ± 14.19 years (range, 12–79). Of all the patients, 26 (28%) patients were anxious, and 86% of these patients were reassured after appropriate counseling. There were 83 (89%) patients who found BoNT to be a costlier option. Education and previous Internet searches influenced positive performance in the “knowledge” domain and overall PKQ-BMD scores. The “number of injections” was also positively correlated with KAP performance.
Conclusion
This study showed that knowledge and perceptions about BoNT treatment need to be further improved. Wider availability of the Internet has provided a positive impact on patients’ and carers’ KAP. Internet-based information, higher educational qualifications of the patients, and a higher number of BoNT injection sessions are the most important predictors of satisfactory KAP related to BoNT injection treatment in patients with movement disorders.

Telemedicine in an Academic Movement Disorders Center during COVID-19: Christine Doss Esper, Laura Scorr, Sosi Papazian, Daniel Bartholomew, Gregory Jacob Esper, Stewart Alan Factor; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(2):119-125. Published online March 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20099

4,750 View
139 Download
10 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objective
Telemedicine has rapidly gained momentum in movement disorder neurology during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to preserve clinical care while mitigating the risks of in-person visits. We present data from the rapid implementation of virtual visits in a large, academic, movement disorder practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
We describe the strategic shift to virtual visits and retrospectively examine elements that impacted the ability to switch to telemedicine visits using historical prepandemic in-person data as a comparator, including demographics, distance driven, and diagnosis distribution, with an additional focus on patients with deep brain stimulators.
Results
A total of 686 telemedicine visits were performed over a five-week period (60% of those previously scheduled for in-office visits). The average age of participants was 65 years, 45% were female, and 73% were Caucasian. Men were more likely to make the transition (p = 0.02). Telemedicine patients lived farther from the clinic than those seen in person (66.47 km vs. 42.16 km, p < 0.001), age was not associated with making the switch, and patient satisfaction did not change. There was a significant shift in the distribution of movement disorder diagnoses seen by telemedicine compared to prepandemic in-person visits (p < 0.001). Patients with deep brain stimulators were more likely to use telemedicine (11.5% vs. 7%, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Telemedicine is feasible, viable and relevant in the care of movement disorder patients, although health care disparities appear evident for women and minorities. Patients with deep brain stimulators preferred telemedicine in our study. Further study is warranted to explore these findings.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Long‐Lasting Impact of the COVID ‐19 Pandemic on Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Their Relatives
Andreas Wolfgang Wolff, Bernhard Haller, Antonia Franziska Demleitner, Dominik Pürner, Johanna Niederschweiberer, Isabell Cordts, Erica Westenberg, Paul Lingor
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2023; 10(5): 819. CrossRef
Telemedicine technologies and applications in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review
Esmaeil Mehraeen, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Mohammad Heydari, Amirali Karimi, Abdollah Mahdavi, Mehrnaz Mashoufi, Arezoo Sarmad, Peyman Mirghaderi, Ahmadreza Shamsabadi, Kowsar Qaderi, Pegah Mirzapour, Amirata Fakhfouri, Hadiseh Azadi Cheshmekabodi, Kimia
Health Informatics Journal.2023; 29(2): 146045822311674. CrossRef
Telemedicine in Neurology: A Scoping Review of Key Outcomes in Movement Disorders
Emily Houston, Amanda G. Kennedy, Donna O'Malley, Terry Rabinowitz, Gail L. Rose, James Boyd
Telemedicine and e-Health.2022; 28(3): 295. CrossRef
Clinician and patient experience of neurology telephone consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic
Tagore Nakornchai, Elena Conci, Anke Hensiek, J William L Brown
Postgraduate Medical Journal.2022; 98(1161): 533. CrossRef
Moving Forward from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Needed Changes in Movement Disorders Care and Research
B. Y. Valdovinos, J. S. Modica, R. B. Schneider
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports.2022; 22(2): 113. CrossRef
Movement Disorder Specialists Survey Regarding Use of Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Shadi Ghourchian, Yasar A. Torres-Yaghi, Stuart H. Isaacson, Fernando Pagan, Kelly E. Lyons, Brian James Nagle, Sanskruti Patel, Rajesh Pahwa
Telemedicine and e-Health.2022; 28(11): 1651. CrossRef
Attitudes Toward Telehealth Services Among People Living With Parkinson's Disease: A Survey Study
Yaqian Xu, Megan P. Feeney, Matthew Surface, Dan Novak, Michelle S. Troche, James C. Beck, Roy N. Alcalay
Movement Disorders.2022; 37(6): 1289. CrossRef
Service process factors affecting patients’ and clinicians’ experiences on rapid teleconsultation implementation in out-patient neurology services during COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review
Guangxia Meng, Carrie McAiney, Christopher M. Perlman, Ian McKillop, Therese Tisseverasinghe, Helen H. Chen
BMC Health Services Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Telemedicine in the Management of Parkinson’s Disease: Achievements, Challenges, and Future Perspectives
Esther Cubo, Pedro David Delgado-López
Brain Sciences.2022; 12(12): 1735. CrossRef
Clinician Perceptions of the Negative Impact of Telehealth Services in the Management of Drug-Induced Movement Disorders and Opportunities for Quality Improvement: A 2021 Internet-Based Survey
Rimal Bera, Morgan Bron, Betsy Benning, Samantha Cicero, Heintje Calara, Diane Darling, Ericha Franey, Kendra Martello, Charles Yonan
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment.2022; Volume 18: 2945. CrossRef

Oromandibular Dystonia: Demographics and Clinical Data from 240 Patients: Linda Slaim, Myriam Cohen, Patrick Klap, Marie Vidailhet, Alain Perrin, Daniel Brasnu, Denis Ayache, Marie Mailly; J Mov Disord. 2018;11(2):78-81. Published online May 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.17065

6,169 View
212 Download
22 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objective
To report demographic data from a large cohort of patients with oromandibular dystonia (OMD).
Methods
This is a retrospective review of patients with OMD referred to our institution between 1989 and 2015. Demographic (age of onset, gender, and familial history of dystonia) and clinical (type of OMD, associated dystonia, and etiology of dystonia) data were collected from a cohort of 240 individuals.
Results
The mean age of onset of OMD was 51.6 years old, with a female predominance (2:1). A family history of dystonia was found in 6 patients (2.5%). One hundred and forty-nine patients (62.1%) had the jaw-opening type of OMD, 48 patients (20.0%) had the jaw-closing type, and 43 patients (17.9%) had a mixed form of OMD. Lingual dystonia was also present in 64 (26.7%) of these patients. Eighty-two patients (34.2%) had a focal dystonia, 131 patients (54.6%) had a segmental dystonia, and 27 patients (11.3%) had a generalized dystonia. One hundred and seventy-one patients (71.3%) had idiopathic OMD.
Conclusion
OMD is a chronic and disabling focal dystonia. Our study found a prevalence of female patients, an onset in middle age and a predominantly idiopathic etiology. Unlike other studies, jaw-opening was found to be the most frequent clinical type of OMD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Oromandibular Dystonia: Clinical and Demographic Data from Eight-Two Patients
Mehmet Balal, Meltem Demirkiran
Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Oromandibular dystonia – A systematic review
Udit Saraf, Mitesh Chandarana, KP Divya, Syam Krishnan
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology.2022; 25(1): 26. CrossRef
Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Oromandibular Dystonia and Other Movement Disorders in the Stomatognathic System
Kazuya Yoshida
Toxins.2022; 14(4): 282. CrossRef
Botulinum toxin injections in jaw-opening dystonia. The lateral pterygoid – maxillary artery problem
Sena Ünal, F. Tugra Karaarslan-Turk, Muhittin Cenk Akbostanci, Elif Peker, Rezzak Yilmaz
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2022; 101: 217. CrossRef
Oromandibular dystonia seen during pramipexole treatment: A rare case
Fatma KARA, Mehmet Fatih GÖL, Ayhan VARLIBAŞ
Journal of Surgery and Medicine.2022; 6(6): 1. CrossRef
Dystonia, chorea, hemiballismus and other dyskinesias
Matteo Bologna, Josep Valls-Solè, Nitish Kamble, Pramod Kumar Pal, Antonella Conte, Andrea Guerra, Daniele Belvisi, Alfredo Berardelli
Clinical Neurophysiology.2022; 140: 110. CrossRef
Movement disorders of the mouth: a review of the common phenomenologies
C. M. Ghadery, L. V. Kalia, B. S. Connolly
Journal of Neurology.2022; 269(11): 5812. CrossRef
Botulinum Toxin in Movement Disorders: An Update
Charenya Anandan, Joseph Jankovic
Toxins.2021; 13(1): 42. CrossRef
Temporomandibular disorder–related characteristics and treatment outcomes in Oromandibular Dystonia patients in two different clinical settings: A cross‐sectional study
Asha Sude, Joseph Matsumoto, Shanti Kaimal, Ashley Petersen, Donald R. Nixdorf
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.2021; 48(5): 542. CrossRef
Jaw Pain and Oromandibular Dysfunction After a Complex Hospital Course
Sarah Smith, Ny-Ying Lam
American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.2021; 100(5): e62. CrossRef
Surface electromyography for evaluating patients with oromandibular dystonia
Jae-Hyung Kim, Byung-Gook Kim, Yeong-Gwan Im
CRANIO®.2021; : 1. CrossRef
Oromandibular Dystonia: A Clinical Examination of 2,020 Cases
Laura M. Scorr, Stewart A. Factor, Sahyli Perez Parra, Rachel Kaye, Randal C. Paniello, Scott A. Norris, Joel S. Perlmutter, Tobias Bäumer, Tatiana Usnich, Brian D. Berman, Marie Mailly, Emmanuel Roze, Marie Vidailhet, Joseph Jankovic, Mark S. LeDoux, Ric
Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes in Oromandibular Dystonia Using Surface Electromyography: A Case Series
Yeong-Gwan Im, Jae-Hyung Kim, Byung-Gook Kim
Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain.2021; 46(4): 143. CrossRef
Application of botulinum toxin in pregnancy and its impact on female reproductive health
Wu Li, Min Tang
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety.2020; 19(1): 83. CrossRef
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with oromandibular dystonia seen in the orofacial pain clinic: a retrospective study
Asha Sude, Donald R. Nixdorf
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology.2020; 130(2): 169. CrossRef
Clinical spectrum of focal dystonias: Experience from a tertiary care center
Rupesh Prasad, Deepika Joshi, VijayN Mishra, RameshwarN Chaurasia, Abhishek Pathak
Annals of Movement Disorders.2020; 3(2): 99. CrossRef
Bite injury related to oromandibular dystonia extending to the maxillary sinus: A case report
Yoshiro Koma, Takehiro Fujimoto, Shinji Uejima, Kotaro Sato, Keisuke Sugimoto, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Jun Ishikawa, Kazuya Nambu, Hideharu Hibi
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology.2020; 32(6): 503. CrossRef
Botulinum neurotoxin a therapy efficacy and safety for oromandibular dystonia: a meta-analysis
Pariessa D. Dadgardoust, Raymond L. Rosales, Ria Monica Asuncion, Dirk Dressler
Journal of Neural Transmission.2019; 126(2): 141. CrossRef
Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy for Lingual Dystonia Using an Individualized Injection Method Based on Clinical Features
Kazuya Yoshida
Toxins.2019; 11(1): 51. CrossRef
Oromandibular dystonia, mental distress and oro‐facial dysfunction—A follow‐up 8‐10 years after start of treatment with botulinum toxin
Merete Bakke, Sara Baram, Torben Dalager, Heidi Bryde Biernat, Eigild Møller
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.2019; 46(5): 441. CrossRef
Pseudodystonia: A new perspective on an old phenomenon
Rok Berlot, Kailash P. Bhatia, Maja Kojović
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2019; 62: 44. CrossRef
Severe Jaw‐Opening Dystonia as an Unusual Manifestation of Levodopa‐Related Wearing‐Off in Parkinson's Disease, and Successful Treatment With Botulinum Toxin Injection
Pankaj Ashok Agarwal
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2019; 6(6): 500. CrossRef

Case Report

Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia as the Presenting and Only Manifestation of Multiple Sclerosis after Eighteen Months of Follow-Up: Marius Baguma, Michel Ossemann; J Mov Disord. 2017;10(2):96-98. Published online March 24, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.16055

7,752 View
166 Download
4 Citations

Abstract PDF

Other than tremor, movement disorders are uncommon in multiple sclerosis. Among these uncommon clinical manifestations, paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia is the most frequently reported. It is characterized by episodic attacks of involuntary movements that are induced by repetitive or sudden movements, startling noise or hyperventilation. The diagnosis is essentially clinical and based on a good observation of the attacks. It is very easy to misdiagnose it. We describe the case of a young female patient who presented paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia as the first and only clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis, with no recurrence of attacks nor any other neurologic symptom after eighteen months of follow-up.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Pathogenesis of Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia: Current Concepts
Zi‐yi Li, Wo‐tu Tian, Xiao‐jun Huang, Li Cao
Movement Disorders.2023; 38(4): 537. CrossRef
Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia: an expert consensus in China
Li Cao, Xiaojun Huang, Ning Wang, Zhiying Wu, Cheng Zhang, Weihong Gu, Shuyan Cong, Jianhua Ma, Ling Wei, Yanchun Deng, Qi Fang, Qi Niu, Jin Wang, Zhaoxia Wang, You Yin, Jinyong Tian, Shufen Tian, Hongyan Bi, Hong Jiang, Xiaorong Liu, Yang Lü, Meizhen Sun
Translational Neurodegeneration.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Les mouvements anormaux : mise au point
M. Béreau, C. Tranchant
La Revue de Médecine Interne.2018; 39(8): 641. CrossRef
Lesion correlates of secondary paroxysmal dyskinesia in multiple sclerosis
Kilian Fröhlich, Klemens Winder, Ralf A. Linker, Konstantin Huhn, Tobias Engelhorn, Arnd Dörfler, De-Hyung Lee, Stefan Schwab, Frank Seifert
Journal of Neurology.2018; 265(10): 2277. CrossRef

Original Article

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Functional (Psychogenic) Movement Disorders: Vibhash D. Sharma, Randi Jones, Stewart A. Factor; J Mov Disord. 2017;10(1):40-44. Published online December 27, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.16038

11,531 View
178 Download
11 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objective
As the literature for the treatment of functional (psychogenic) movement disorders (FMD) is sparse, we assessed clinical outcomes in patients with FMD who underwent treatment with psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDP).
Methods
A retrospective analysis of the data of patients with FMD who were referred for PDP from 2008−2014 at Emory University Medical Center was performed.
Results
Thirty patients were included, mean age at presentation was 50 years (SD 13.9) and majority were female (27/30). Most common movement disorder was involuntary shaking/jerky movements (50%) and tremor (43%). Mean duration of symptoms was 3.2 years and mean number of PDP visits was 4.9. PDP lead to good outcomes in 10, modest in 8, and poor in 9. Three patients lost to follow up. Mean duration of symptoms between two groups (good vs. poor) was not statistically significant (p = 0.11), mean number of PDP visits showed a trend towards significance (p = 0.053). In all cases of good outcomes precipitants of the movement disorder were identified and a majority (60%) was receptive of the diagnosis and had good insight.
Conclusion
PDP lead to improvement in 60% of the patients which is encouraging as the treatment is challenging. This study supports heterogeneous causes of FMD including varied roles of past/recent events and demonstrates importance of psychological approaches such as PDP. Treatment with PDP should be considered in some patients with FMD but predicting who will respond remains a challenge. Further long term prospective studies with large sample size and placebo control are needed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Neuropsychiatric Treatment Approaches for Functional Neurological Disorder: A How to Guide
Sara A. Finkelstein, Caitlin Adams, Margaret Tuttle, Aneeta Saxena, David L. Perez
Seminars in Neurology.2022; 42(02): 204. CrossRef
Functional tremor
Petra Schwingenschuh, Alberto J. Espay
Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2022; 435: 120208. CrossRef
Psychological interventions for treating functional motor symptoms: A systematic scoping review of the literature
Erin M. Beal, Peter Coates, Cara Pelser
Clinical Psychology Review.2022; 94: 102146. CrossRef
Living with functional movement disorders: a tale of three battles. An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Sylwia Bazydlo, Fiona J. R. Eccles
Psychology & Health.2022; : 1. CrossRef
Management of Functional Seizures and Functional Movement Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study
Bruno Gabriel Dal Pasquale, Hélio Afonso Ghizoni Teive, Marcelo Daudt von der Heyde, Luana Francine Anad Dal Pasquale
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment.2022; Volume 18: 2121. CrossRef
Efficacy of a 5-day, intensive, multidisciplinary, outpatient physical and occupational therapy protocol in the treatment of functional movement disorders: A retrospective study
Megan Reid, Steven D. Mitchell, Katharine M. Mitchell, Christos Sidiropoulos
Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2022; 443: 120461. CrossRef
Diagnosis and therapy of functional tremor a systematic review illustrated by a case report
Michael Bartl, Rebekka Kewitsch, Mark Hallett, Martin Tegenthoff, Walter Paulus
Neurological Research and Practice.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Speech, language and swallowing impairments in functional neurological disorder: a scoping review
Caroline Barnett, Jean Armes, Christina Smith
International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders.2019; 54(3): 309. CrossRef
Functional movement disorders in neurogeriatric inpatients
Sara Mätzold, Johanna Geritz, Kirsten E. Zeuner, Daniela Berg, Steffen Paschen, Johanne Hieke, Simone Sablowsky, Christian Ortlieb, Philipp Bergmann, Werner Hofmann, Alberto J. Espay, Walter Maetzler
Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie.2019; 52(4): 324. CrossRef
Psychogenic (Functional) Movement Disorders
Mary Ann Thenganatt, Joseph Jankovic
CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology.2019; 25(4): 1121. CrossRef
Disentangling Stigma from Functional Neurological Disorders: Conference Report and Roadmap for the Future
Karen S. Rommelfanger, Stewart A. Factor, Suzette LaRoche, Phyllis Rosen, Raymond Young, Mark H. Rapaport
Frontiers in Neurology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

Review Articles

Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 for Gene Editing in Hereditary Movement Disorders: Wooseok Im, Jangsup Moon, Manho Kim; J Mov Disord. 2016;9(3):136-143. Published online September 21, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.16029

19,315 View
613 Download
9 Citations

Abstract PDF

Gene therapy is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating hereditary movement disorders, including hereditary ataxia, dystonia, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Genome editing is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, deleted or replaced in the genome using modified nucleases. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) has been used as an essential tool in biotechnology. Cas9 is an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease enzyme that was originally associated with the adaptive immune system of Streptococcus pyogenes and is now being utilized as a genome editing tool to induce double strand breaks in DNA. CRISPR/Cas9 has advantages in terms of clinical applicability over other genome editing technologies such as zinc-finger nucleases and transcription activator-like effector nucleases because of easy in vivo delivery. Here, we review and discuss the applicability of CRISPR/Cas9 to preclinical studies or gene therapy in hereditary movement disorders.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Current Status and Future Perspectives on Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Parkinson’s Disease
Young Cha, Tae-Yoon Park, Pierre Leblanc, Kwang-Soo Kim
Journal of Movement Disorders.2023; 16(1): 22. CrossRef
Gene Therapy Approach with an Emphasis on Growth Factors: Theoretical and Clinical Outcomes in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Della Grace Thomas Parambi, Khalid Saad Alharbi, Rajesh Kumar, Seetha Harilal, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Natália Cruz-Martins, Omnia Magdy, Arafa Musa, Dibya Sundar Panda, Bijo Mathew
Molecular Neurobiology.2022; 59(1): 191. CrossRef
Effects of the timing of electroporation during in vitro maturation on triple gene editing in porcine embryos using CRISPR/Cas9 system
Zhao Namula, Manita Wittayarat, Lanh Thi Kim Do, Thanh Van Nguyen, Qingyi Lin, Koki Takebayashi, Maki Hirata, Fuminori Tanihara, Takeshige Otoi
Veterinary and Animal Science.2022; 16: 100241. CrossRef
Will CRISPR-Cas9 Have Cards to Play Against Cancer? An Update on its Applications
Precilla S. Daisy, Kuduvalli S. Shreyas, T. S. Anitha
Molecular Biotechnology.2021; 63(2): 93. CrossRef
The significance of bioengineered nanoplatforms against SARS-CoV-2: From detection to genome editing
Parichehr Hassanzadeh
Life Sciences.2021; 274: 119289. CrossRef
CRISPR/Cas9 Technology as a Modern Genetic Manipulation Tool for Recapitulating of Neurodegenerative Disorders in Large Animal Models
Mahdi Barazesh, Shiva Mohammadi, Yadollah Bahrami, Pooneh Mokarram, Mohammad Hossein Morowvat, Massoud Saidijam, Morteza Karimipoor, Soudabeh Kavousipour, Amir Reza Vosoughi, Korosh Khanaki
Current Gene Therapy.2021; 21(2): 130. CrossRef
La edición del ADN
Ithzayana Madariaga-Perpiñan, Juan Camilo Duque-Restrepo, Paola Ayala-Ramirez, Reggie García-Robles
Iatreia.2020; 33(3): 262. CrossRef
Mucuna pruriens in Parkinson’s and in some other diseases: recent advancement and future prospective
Sachchida Nand Rai, Vivek K. Chaturvedi, Payal Singh, Brijesh Kumar Singh, M. P. Singh
3 Biotech.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Current Approaches to the Treatment of Hunter Syndrome
Ekaterina Yu. Zakharova, Elena Yu. Voskoboeva, Alla N. Semyachkina, Nato D. Vashakmadze, Amina I. Gamzatova, Svetlana V. Mikhailova, Sergey I. Kutsev
Pediatric pharmacology.2018; 15(4): 324. CrossRef

Movement Disorders Following Cerebrovascular Lesions: Etiology, Treatment Options and Prognosis: Do-Young Kwon; J Mov Disord. 2016;9(2):63-70. Published online May 25, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.16008

20,435 View
636 Download
11 Citations

Abstract PDF

Post-stroke movement disorders are uncommon, but comprise an important part of secondary movement disorders. These exert variable and heterogeneous clinical courses according to the stroke lesion and its temporal relationships. Moreover, the predominant stroke symptoms hinder a proper diagnosis in clinical practice. This article describes the etiology, treatment options and prognosis of post-stroke movement disorders.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Monochorea after acute contralateral pontine infarction: A case report
Yun Su Hwang, Byoung-Soo Shin, Han Uk Ryu, Hyun Goo Kang
Medicine.2023; 102(3): e32660. CrossRef
Adult-onset sporadic chorea: real-world data from a single-centre retrospective study
Roberta Bovenzi, Matteo Conti, Rocco Cerroni, Mariangela Pierantozzi, Alessandro Stefani, Antonio Pisani, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Tommaso Schirinzi
Neurological Sciences.2022; 43(1): 387. CrossRef
Parkinsonism and ataxia
Giulia Franco, Giulia Lazzeri, Alessio Di Fonzo
Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2022; 433: 120020. CrossRef
Movement Disorders Associated With Cerebral Artery Stenosis: A Nationwide Study
Kye Won Park, Nari Choi, Eungseok Oh, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Min Seok Baek, Han-Joon Kim, Dalla Yoo, Jee-Young Lee, Ji-Hyun Choi, Jae Hyeok Lee, Seong-Beom Koh, Young Hee Sung, Jin Whan Cho, Hui-Jun Yang, Jinse Park, Hae-Won Shin, Tae-Beom Ahn, Ho-Sung Ryu, So
Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Post-stroke movement disorders disappearance: a report of disappearance of tardive dyskinesia after stroke and a literature review
Min Seung Kim, InJa Shin, Don Gueu Park, Jung han Yoon
Acta Neurologica Belgica.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Post-stroke Movement Disorders: Clinical Spectrum, Pathogenesis, and Management
Priyanka Tater, Sanjay Pandey
Neurology India.2021; 69(2): 272. CrossRef
Hemibalismo y hemicorea secundarios a un ataque cerebrovascular isquémico insular, una presentación inusual: reporte de caso
Carlos Martínez-Rubio, Hellen Kreinter-Rosenbaum, Habib Moutran-Barroso
Neurología Argentina.2020; 12(3): 207. CrossRef
Hemiballismus in subcortical lacunar infarcts
ChinyeluUchenna Ufoaroh, OvercomerNnaemeka Agah, Nnamdi Morah, ErnestNdukaife Anyabolu
Nigerian Journal of Medicine.2020; 29(3): 527. CrossRef
COVID-19 and stroke: Red flags for secondary movement disorders?
Daniella Balduino Victorino, Marcia Guimarães-Marques, Mariana Nejm, Fulvio Alexandre Scorza, Carla Alessandra Scorza
eNeurologicalSci.2020; 21: 100289. CrossRef
Post-stroke restless arm syndrome mimicking hemichorea–hemiballism
Ha-yom Kim, Moon-Ho Park, Do-Young Kwon
Acta Neurologica Belgica.2017; 117(3): 791. CrossRef
Vascular Pathology Causing Late Onset Generalized Chorea: A Clinico-Pathological Case Report
Paula Salgado, Ricardo Taipa, Joana Domingos, Daniel Dias, Manuel Melo Pires, Marina Magalhães
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2017; 4(6): 819. CrossRef

Original Article

Movement Disorders in Non-Wilsonian Cirrhotic Patients: A Report of the Prevalence and Risk Factors from a Study Done in a Medical School in an Agricultural-Based Community: Kulthida Methawasin, Piyanant Chonmaitree, Chatchawan Wongjitrat, Suthee Rattanamongkolgul, Thanin Asawavichienjinda; J Mov Disord. 2016;9(1):28-34. Published online December 3, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.15034

18,938 View
80 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objective
Parkinsonism and other movement disorders have previously been reported in the acquired hepatocerebral degeneration associated with portosystemic shunting. However, there is no study to date about their prevalence as has been noted in general practice.
Methods
One hundred and forty-three patients with hepatic cirrhosis from the gastroenterology clinic and internal medicine wards were enrolled. Liver data included the diagnoses, etiologies, assessments of complications, and treatments for cirrhosis. Hepatic encephalopathy was classified with regard to the West Haven criteria for semi-quantitative grading for mental status. Neurological examination results and abnormal involuntary movements were recorded as primary outcomes. Neuro-radiology was used for the detection of severe brain lesions.
Results
Alcoholism was the most common cause of liver cirrhosis. Eighty-three patients (58%) presented with movement disorders. Asterixis was found in one of the cases. The most common movement disorder seen was an intentional tremor at 37.1%, which was followed by bradykinesia, Parkinsonism, and postural tremors at 29.4%, 10.5%, and 6.3%, respectively. The prevalence of movement disorders simultaneously increased with a high Child-Turcotte-Pugh score. The hepatic encephalopathy was grade 1 and 2. With the inclusion of age-range adjustments, we found that alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy are statistically significant factors [p < 0.05, odds ratio (OR) = 6.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38–29.71 and p < 0.001, OR = 13.65, 95% CI 4.71–39.54] for the development of movement disorders in non-Wilsonian cirrhotic patients. Conclusions Intentional tremor is a common abnormal movement. Alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy are significant risk factors in the development of movement disorders in non-Wilsonian cirrhotic patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Prospective Study of the Prevalence of Parkinsonism in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
Diana Apetauerova, Peter Hildebrand, Stephanie Scala, Janet W. Zani, LeeAnne Lipert, Erin Clark, Tanya Fennell, Fredric D. Gordon
Hepatology Communications.2021; 5(2): 323. CrossRef

Case Report

Giant Middle Fossa Epidermoid Presenting as Holmes’ Tremor Syndrome: Bindu Menon, P Sasikala, Amit Agrawal; J Mov Disord. 2014;7(1):22-24. Published online April 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.14005

9,112 View
65 Download
2 Citations

Abstract PDF

Intracranial dermoids may gradually reach an enormous size before the onset of symptoms. Common clinical presentations of intracranial epidermoid include headache and seizures. We present a case of a 35-year female patient with giant middle fossa epidermoid that presented with Holmes’ tremor syndrome, and we review the relevant literature. To the best of our knowledge, such a presentation has not previously been described in the literature.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Holmes tremor
Gabriela B. Raina, Maria G. Cersosimo, Silvia S. Folgar, Juan C. Giugni, Cristian Calandra, Juan P. Paviolo, Veronica A. Tkachuk, Carlos Zuñiga Ramirez, Andrea L. Tschopp, Daniela S. Calvo, Luis A. Pellene, Marcela C. Uribe Roca, Miriam Velez, Rolando J.
Neurology.2016; 86(10): 931. CrossRef
Movement Disorders Following Cerebrovascular Lesions: Etiology, Treatment Options and Prognosis
Do-Young Kwon
Journal of Movement Disorders.2016; 9(2): 63. CrossRef

Review Articles

Electrophysiologic Evaluation of Psychogenic Movement Disorders: Pramod Kumar Pal; J Mov Disord. 2011;4(1):21-32.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.11004

29,389 View
321 Download
7 Citations

Abstract PDF

Psychogenic movement disorders (PMD) are a group of disorders which are in the border zone between neurology and psychiatry. All necessary laboratory investigations should be done to rule out an underlying organic disorder. While clinical acumen of a trained movement disorder specialist may be sufficient to diagnose most PMD, there are clinical situations where electrophysiological tests are required either to rule out an organic movement disorder or even diagnose a PMD. Current electrophysiological test are most useful for tremor, followed by jerks and least for spasms or dystonia. Commonly used electrophysiologic tests include multichannel surface electromyography (EMG), accelerometry, electroencephalography time locked with EMG, premovement potential (Bereitschaftspotential), and somatosensory evoked potentials. Psychogenic tremor is a low frequency tremor with variable frequency and duration of EMG bursts, entrainable, has a high coherence with voluntary movements, and presence of coactivation sign. Patients with psychogenic jerks have well organized triphasic pattern of activation of agonist and antagonist muscles. The jerks are associated with EMG bursts of long duration (usually > 70 ms), long and variable latencies in stimulus induced jerks, absence of craniocaudal pattern of muscle recruitment in apparent startle response, and often a Breitschaftspotential (premovement potential) precedes the jerk. Electrophysiological characterization of psychogenic dystonia is difficult and the tests are usually performed to rule out organic dystonia with characteristic findings. Finally, caution should be exerted in interpreting the electrophysiological tests as both false positive and false negative diagnosis of PMD may still occur.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Investigation of Phase Shifts Using AUC Diagrams: Application to Differential Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease and Essential Tremor
Olga S. Sushkova, Alexei A. Morozov, Ivan A. Kershner, Margarita N. Khokhlova, Alexandra V. Gabova, Alexei V. Karabanov, Larisa A. Chigaleichick, Sergei N. Illarioshkin
Sensors.2023; 23(3): 1531. CrossRef
Video electroencephalogram combined with electromyography in the diagnosis of hyperkinetic movement disorders with an unknown cause
Jianhua Chen, Xiangqin Zhou, Qiang Lu, Liri Jin, Yan Huang
Neurological Sciences.2021; 42(9): 3801. CrossRef
Suggestibility as a valuable criterion for laboratory-supported definite functional movement disorders
Gerard Saranza, Daniel Vargas-Mendez, Anthony E. Lang, Robert Chen
Clinical Neurophysiology Practice.2021; 6: 103. CrossRef
Principles of Electrophysiological Assessments for Movement Disorders
Kai-Hsiang Stanley Chen, Robert Chen
Journal of Movement Disorders.2020; 13(1): 27. CrossRef
A case of abdominal functional myoclonus analyzed by movement related cortical potentials
Ryosuke Urabe, Masaya Kubota
Brain and Development.2020; 42(9): 700. CrossRef
Focal localized enhanced physiological tremor after physical insult
Sang-Won Yoo, Myungah Lee, Joong-Seok Kim, Kwang-Soo Lee
Neurological Sciences.2019; 40(12): 2641. CrossRef
Sleep-Related Movement Disorders: Hypnic Jerks
Robyn Whitney, Shelly K. Weiss
Current Sleep Medicine Reports.2018; 4(1): 19. CrossRef

Electrophysiological Evidences of Organization of Cortical Motor Information in the Basal Ganglia: Hirokazu Iwamuro; J Mov Disord. 2011;4(1):8-12.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.11002

11,557 View
75 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

During the last two decades, the many developments in the treatment of movement disorders such as Parkinson disease and dystonia have enhanced our understanding on organization of the basal ganglia, and this knowledge has led to other advances in the field. According to many electrophysiological and anatomical findings, it is considered that motor information from different cortical areas is processed through several cortico-basal ganglia loops principally in a parallel fashion and somatotopy from each cortical area is also well preserved in each loop. Moreover, recent studies suggest that not only the parallel processing but also some convergence of information occur through the basal ganglia. Information from cortical areas whose functions are close to each other tends to converge in the basal ganglia. The cortico-basal ganglia loops should be comprehended more as a network rather than as separated subdivisions. However, the functions of this convergence still remain unknown. It is important even for clinical doctors to be well informed about this kind of current knowledge because some symptoms of movement disorders may be explained by disorganization of the information network in the basal ganglia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Parvalbumin+and Npas1+Pallidal Neurons Have Distinct Circuit Topology and Function
Arin Pamukcu, Qiaoling Cui, Harry S. Xenias, Brianna L. Berceau, Elizabeth C. Augustine, Isabel Fan, Saivasudha Chalasani, Adam W. Hantman, Talia N. Lerner, Simina M. Boca, C. Savio Chan
The Journal of Neuroscience.2020; 40(41): 7855. CrossRef

First
Prev
Page of 1
Next
Last

Search